Optical devices and systems having a converging lens with grooves

ABSTRACT

Lens device that includes converging lens having light output surface being spaced apart along lens axis from light input surface. Converging lens has total internal reflection side surface being spaced apart around lens axis and having frusto-conical shape extending between light input and output surfaces of the converging lens. Portion of light input surface of converging lens includes light input cavity being bounded by perimeter and having central axis and being generally shaped as portion of spheroid. Light input cavity has plurality of grooves each respectively following spline along light input surface that intersects with central axis of light input cavity and with respective point on perimeter, wherein each of respective points are mutually spaced apart around perimeter of light input cavity. Lighting system including lens device.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of commonly-owned U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/542,608 filed on Jul. 10, 2017, which is aSection 371 national stage of commonly-owned PCT/US2016/046245 filed onAug. 10, 2016, which claims the benefit of commonly-owned U.S.provisional patent application Ser. No. 62/202,936 filed on Aug. 10,2015; and the entireties of all of the three foregoing priorapplications hereby are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to: the field of lens devices; and thefield of systems that include semiconductor light-emitting devices andlens devices.

Background of the Invention

Numerous lighting systems that include semiconductor light-emittingdevices and lens devices have been developed. As examples, some of suchlighting systems may include lens devices for controlling directions ofpropagation of light emitted by the semiconductor light-emittingdevices. Despite the existence of these lighting systems and lensdevices, further improvements are still needed in lens devices and inlighting systems that include semiconductor light-emitting devices andlens devices.

SUMMARY

In an example of an implementation, a lens device is provided thatincludes a converging lens having a light output surface being spacedapart along a lens axis from a light input surface, the converging lensfurther having a total internal reflection side surface being spacedapart around the lens axis and having a frusto-conical shape extendingbetween the light input and output surfaces of the converging lens. Inthe example of a lens device, a portion of the light input surface ofthe converging lens includes a light input cavity being bounded by aperimeter, the light input cavity having a central axis and beinggenerally shaped as a portion of a spheroid. Further in the lens device,the light input cavity has a plurality of grooves each respectivelyfollowing a spline along the light input surface that intersects withthe central axis of the light input cavity and with a respective pointon the perimeter. Also in the example of the lens device, each of therespective points are mutually spaced apart around the perimeter of thelight input cavity.

In some examples of the lens device, the plurality of the grooves mayinclude at least four of the grooves that respectively may intersectwith four of the plurality of the points being mutually spaced apartaround the perimeter of the light input cavity.

In further examples of the lens device, the plurality of the grooves mayinclude at least five of the grooves that respectively may intersectwith five of the plurality of the points being mutually spaced apartaround the perimeter of the light input cavity.

In additional examples of the lens device, the plurality of the groovesmay include at least eight of the grooves that respectively mayintersect with eight of the plurality of the points being mutuallyspaced apart around the perimeter of the light input cavity.

In other examples of the lens device, the plurality of the grooves mayinclude: a first groove following a first spline that intersects withthe central axis of the light input cavity and with a first point on theperimeter; and a second groove following a second spline that intersectswith the central axis of the light input cavity and with a second pointon the perimeter; and a third groove following a third spline thatintersects with the central axis of the light input cavity and with athird point on the perimeter; and a fourth groove following a fourthspline that intersects with the central axis of the light input cavityand with a fourth point on the perimeter.

In some examples of the lens device, the same spline may be followed byeach one of the plurality of the grooves.

In further examples of the lens device, the spline may include fourcontrol points.

In additional examples of the lens device, the spline may pass througheach one of the four control points.

In other examples of the lens device, a first one of the four controlpoints may be located at a one of the respective points on theperimeter; and a fourth one of the four control points may be located atthe central axis of the light input cavity; and a second one of the fourcontrol points may be adjacent to the first control point; and a thirdone of the four control points may be adjacent to the fourth controlpoint.

In some examples of the lens device, the spline may include a firstinflection point and a second inflection point.

In further examples of the lens device, the first inflection point maybe located at the second control point; and the second inflection pointmay be located at the third control point.

In additional examples of the lens device, the spline may span a splineaxis extending between the first control point and the fourth controlpoint; and the first inflection point may be located on one side of thespline axis; and the second inflection point may be located on anopposite side of the spline axis.

In other examples of the lens device, a straight arrow originating atthe first control point and passing through the second control point mayextend away from the spline axis at an angle being within a range ofabout 10 degrees and about 20 degrees.

In some examples of the lens device, a straight arrow originating at thesecond control point and passing through the third control point mayextend away from the spline axis at an angle being within a range ofabout 55 degrees and about 45 degrees.

In further examples of the lens device, the spline may be a Catmull-Romspline.

In additional examples of the lens device, the plurality of the groovesmay be mutually spaced apart around the perimeter.

In other examples of the lens device, each one of the plurality of thegrooves may intersect with the central axis of the light input cavityand with the perimeter.

In some examples of the lens device, the light input cavity may includea plurality of un-grooved regions being mutually spaced apart around theperimeter; and each one of the plurality of the grooves may beinterposed between two of the plurality of the un-grooved regions of thelight input cavity.

In further examples of the lens device, the light input cavity mayinclude a plurality of raised regions being mutually spaced apart aroundthe perimeter; and each one of the plurality of the grooves may beinterposed between two of the plurality of the raised regions of thelight input cavity.

In additional examples of the lens device, each one of the plurality ofthe raised regions may intersect with the central axis and with theperimeter.

In other examples of the lens device, each one of the plurality of thegrooves may form a respective concave surface of the light input cavity,each of the respective concave surfaces being generally shaped as aportion of an ellipse having an ellipse axis being extended along thespline.

In some examples of the lens device, each one of the plurality of thegrooves may form a respective concave surface of the light input cavity,each of the respective concave surfaces being generally shaped as aportion of a circle having a circle axis being extended along thespline.

In further examples of the lens device, each of the respective concavesurfaces may have a respective radius, and the respective radii may havelengths that vary along the spline.

In additional examples of the lens device, a length of each of therespective radii at the intersection of the spline with the perimetermay be greater than another length of each of the respective radii atthe intersection of the spline with the central axis of the light inputcavity.

In other examples of the lens device, the lengths of each of therespective radii may gradually decrease from the intersection of thespline with the perimeter to the intersection of the spline with thecentral axis of the light input cavity.

In some examples of the lens device, the length of each of therespective radii at the intersection of the spline with the perimetermay be within a range of between about 2 millimeters and about 1.5millimeters; and the another length of each of the respective radii atthe intersection of the spline with the central axis of the light inputcavity may be within a range of between about 0.75 millimeter and about0.25 millimeter.

In further examples of the lens device, the light output surface of theconverging lens may include a bowl-shaped cavity.

In additional examples of the lens device, the light output surface ofthe converging lens may include the bowl-shaped cavity as surrounding acentral mound shaped as a portion of a spheroid.

In other examples, the lens device may be configured for emitting lighthaving a full width half maximum beam width being within a range ofbetween about 13 degrees and about 16 degrees.

In some examples, the lens device may be configured for emitting lighthaving a full width half maximum beam width being about 15 degrees.

As another example of an implementation, a lighting system is provided,that includes a lighting module having a first lens module. In theexample of the lighting system, the lighting module includes asemiconductor light-emitting device configured for emitting lightemissions along a central light emission axis. The first lens module inthe example of the lighting system includes a first converging lenshaving a light output surface being spaced apart along a lens axis froma light input surface, the converging lens further having a totalinternal reflection side surface being spaced apart around the lens axisand having a frusto-conical shape extending between the light input andoutput surfaces of the converging lens. Also in the converging lens ofthe example lighting system, a portion of the light input surfaceincludes a light input cavity being bounded by a perimeter, the lightinput cavity having a central axis and being generally shaped as aportion of a spheroid. In addition in this example of the lightingsystem, the light input cavity has a plurality of grooves eachrespectively following a spline along the light input surface thatintersects with the central axis of the light input cavity and with arespective point on the perimeter; and each of the respective points aremutually spaced apart around the perimeter of the light input cavity.Further, this example of the lighting system is configured for aligningthe lens axis with the central light emission axis.

In some examples, the lighting system may include another lightingmodule including another semiconductor light-emitting device configuredfor emitting light emissions along another central light emission axis.Further in those examples, the lighting system may include a second lensmodule including a second converging lens having another light outputsurface being spaced apart along another lens axis from a light inputsurface, the second converging lens further having a total internalreflection side surface being spaced apart around the another lens axisand having a frusto-conical shape extending between the light input andoutput surfaces of the second converging lens. As examples of thelighting system, a portion of the light input surface of the secondconverging lens may include a second light input cavity being bounded bya perimeter, the second light input cavity having a central axis andbeing generally shaped as a portion of a spheroid. Further in theexample of the lighting system, the light input cavity may have aplurality of grooves each respectively following a spline along thelight input surface that intersects with the central axis of the secondlight input cavity and with a respective point on the perimeter; andeach of the respective points may be mutually spaced apart around theperimeter of the second light input cavity. Also in the example, thelighting system may be configured for aligning the another lens axiswith the another central light emission axis.

In another example of an implementation, a lighting system is providedthat includes: a lighting module including a semiconductorlight-emitting device (“SLED”); a first lens module; a second lensmodule; and a third lens module. In this example of the lighting system,the SLED is configured for emitting light emissions along a centrallight emission axis; and the first, second and third lens modulesrespectively have first, second and third lens axes. Further in thisexample of an implementation, the lighting system is configured: fordetachably installing the first lens module or the second lens module inthe lighting module between the semiconductor light-emitting device andthe third lens module; and for aligning the first or second lens axiswith the central light emission axis and the third lens axis. The firstlens module in this example of the lighting system includes a firstconverging lens being configured for causing convergence of some of thelight emissions of the semiconductor light-emitting device to formconverged light emissions along the central light emission axis having afirst half-width-half-maximum (HWHM), the first converging lens having afirst light output surface being spaced apart along the first lens axisfrom a first light input surface, the first converging lens furtherhaving a first total internal reflection side surface being spaced apartaround the first lens axis and having a first frusto-conical shapeextending between the first light input and output surfaces of the firstconverging lens. The second lens module in this example of the lightingsystem includes a second converging lens being configured for causingconvergence of some of the light emissions of the semiconductorlight-emitting device to form converged light emissions along thecentral light emission axis having a second HWHM being different thanthe first HWHM, the second converging lens having a second light outputsurface being spaced apart along the second lens axis from a secondlight input surface, the second converging lens further having a secondtotal internal reflection side surface being spaced apart around thesecond lens axis and having a second frusto-conical shape extendingbetween the second light input and output surfaces of the secondconverging lens. The third lens module in this example of the lightingsystem includes a first diverging lens having a third lens axis, thefirst diverging lens being configured for causing divergence of some ofthe converged light emissions away from the third lens axis by a thirdHWHM to form diverged light emissions that diverge away from the centrallight emission axis, the first diverging lens having a third lightoutput surface being spaced apart along the third lens axis from a thirdlight input surface, the third light input surface including a firstlens screen having lenticular or microprismatic features.

In some examples, the lighting system may further include an additionallens module including an additional diverging lens having an additionallens axis, the additional diverging lens being configured for causingdivergence of some of the converged light emissions away from theadditional lens axis by an additional HWHM being different than thethird HWHM to form additional diverged light emissions that diverge awayfrom the central light emission axis, the additional diverging lenshaving an additional light output surface being spaced apart along theadditional lens axis from an additional light input surface, theadditional light input surface including an additional lens screenhaving lenticular or microprismatic features; and the lighting systemmay be configured for detachably installing the first lens module or thesecond lens module in the lighting module between the semiconductorlight-emitting device and the additional lens module; and the lightingsystem may be configured for aligning the first or second lens axis withthe central light emission axis and the additional lens axis.

In further examples, the lighting system may be configured forinterchangeably installing either the first lens module or the secondlens module in the lighting module between the semiconductorlight-emitting device and either the third lens module or the additionallens module.

In additional examples of the lighting system, the lighting module mayinclude another semiconductor light-emitting device being configured foremitting light emissions along the central light emission axis.

In other examples of the lighting system, the lighting module mayinclude a plurality of additional semiconductor light-emitting devices,and the semiconductor light-emitting device and the plurality of theadditional semiconductor light-emitting devices may be collectivelyarranged around and configured for emitting light emissions along thecentral light emission axis.

In some examples of the lighting system, the first converging lens maybe configured for causing convergence of some of the light emissions ofthe semiconductor light-emitting device to form the converged lightemissions as having the first HWHM being about 3.5 degrees, and thefirst light input surface of the first converging lens may include acentral cavity being shaped as a portion of a spheroid, and the firstlight output surface of the first converging lens may include abowl-shaped cavity surrounding a central mound shaped as a portion of aspheroid.

In further examples of the lighting system, the first converging lensmay be configured for causing convergence of some of the light emissionsof the semiconductor light-emitting device to form the converged lightemissions as having the first HWHM being about 7.5 degrees, and thefirst light input surface of the first converging lens may include acentral cavity being shaped as a portion of a spheroid, and the firstlight output surface of the first converging lens may include abowl-shaped cavity surrounding a central mound shaped as a portion of aspheroid.

In additional examples of the lighting system, the first converging lensmay be configured for causing convergence of some of the light emissionsof the semiconductor light-emitting device to form the converged lightemissions as having the first HWHM being about 12.5 degrees, and thefirst light input surface of the first converging lens may include acentral disk-shaped cavity, and the first light output surface of thefirst converging lens may include a bowl-shaped cavity surrounding acentral mound shaped as a portion of a spheroid.

In other examples of the lighting system, the first converging lens maybe configured for causing convergence of some of the light emissions ofthe semiconductor light-emitting device to form the converged lightemissions as having the first HWHM being about 20 degrees, and the firstlight input surface of the first converging lens may include a centralcompound parabolic concentrator, and the first light output surface ofthe first converging lens may include a bowl-shaped cavity surrounding acentral flat region.

In some examples of the lighting system, the first diverging lens may beconfigured for causing divergence of some of the converged lightemissions away from the third lens axis by a third HWHM being about 4degrees.

In further examples of the lighting system, the first diverging lens maybe configured for causing divergence of some of the converged lightemissions away from the third lens axis by a third HWHM being about 10degrees.

In additional examples of the lighting system, the first diverging lensmay be configured for causing divergence of some of the converged lightemissions away from the third lens axis by a third HWHM being about 15degrees.

In other examples of the lighting system, the first diverging lens maybe configured for causing divergence of some of the converged lightemissions away from the third lens axis by a third HWHM being about 25degrees.

In some examples of the lighting system, the first diverging lens may beconfigured for causing divergence of some of the converged lightemissions away from the third lens axis by a third HWHM being about 30degrees.

In further examples of the lighting system, the first diverging lens mayhave the first lens screen as including an array of lenticular toroidallenses.

In other examples of the lighting system, the first converging lens mayhave a first diameter transverse to the first lens axis at the firstlight input surface, and the first converging lens may have a seconddiameter transverse to the first lens axis at the first light outputsurface, and the first diameter may be smaller than the second diameter.

In some examples, the lighting system may further include a housingbeing configured for positioning the lighting module for emission of thelight emissions from the semiconductor light-emitting device along thecentral light emission axis.

In further examples, the lighting system may further include a carrierbeing configured for positioning the first or second lens module in thehousing with the first or second lens axis being aligned with thecentral light emission axis.

In other examples, the lighting system may further include a primaryvisible light reflector configured for being positioned between thehousing and the carrier, and the primary visible light reflector may beconfigured for redirecting some of the light emissions of thesemiconductor light-emitting device along the central light emissionaxis.

In some examples, the lighting system may include: a second lightingmodule; and fourth, fifth, and sixth lens modules. The second lightingmodule may include a second semiconductor light-emitting deviceconfigured for emitting further light emissions along a second centrallight emission axis. The fourth lens module may include a thirdconverging lens, the third converging lens being configured for causingconvergence of some of the light emissions of the second semiconductorlight-emitting device to form further converged light emissions alongthe second central light emission axis having a fourth HWHM, the thirdconverging lens having a fourth light output surface being spaced apartalong a fourth lens axis from a fourth light input surface, the thirdconverging lens further having a third total internal reflection sidesurface being spaced apart around the fourth lens axis and having athird frusto-conical shape extending between the fourth light input andoutput surfaces of the third converging lens. The fifth lens module mayinclude a fourth converging lens, the fourth converging lens beingconfigured for causing convergence of some of the light emissions of thesecond semiconductor light-emitting device to form further convergedlight emissions along the second central light emission axis having afifth HWHM being different than the fourth HWHM, the fourth converginglens having a fifth light output surface being spaced apart along afifth lens axis from a fifth light input surface, the fourth converginglens further having a fourth total internal reflection side surfacebeing spaced apart around the fifth lens axis and having a fourthfrusto-conical shape extending between the fifth light input and outputsurfaces of the fourth converging lens. The sixth lens module mayinclude a second diverging lens having a sixth lens axis, the seconddiverging lens being configured for causing divergence of some of theconverged light emissions away from the sixth lens axis by a sixth HWHMto form diverged light emissions, the second diverging lens having asixth light output surface being spaced apart along the sixth lens axisfrom a sixth light input surface, the sixth light input surface mayinclude a second lens screen having lenticular or microprismaticfeatures. The lighting system may be configured for detachablyinstalling the fourth lens module or the fifth lens module in the secondlighting module between the second semiconductor light-emitting deviceand the sixth lens module; and the lighting system may be configured foraligning the fourth or fifth lens axis with the second central lightemission axis and the sixth lens axis.

In further examples of the lighting system, the second lighting modulemay include another semiconductor light-emitting device being configuredfor emitting light emissions along the second central light emissionaxis.

In additional examples of the lighting system, the second lightingmodule may include a plurality of additional semiconductorlight-emitting devices, and the second semiconductor light-emittingdevice and the plurality of the additional semiconductor light-emittingdevices may be collectively arranged around and configured for emittinglight emissions along the second central light emission axis.

In other examples of the lighting system, the third converging lens maybe configured for causing convergence of some of the light emissions ofthe second semiconductor light-emitting device to form the furtherconverged light emissions as having the fourth HWHM being about 3.5degrees, and the fourth light input surface of the third converging lensmay include a second central cavity being shaped as a portion of aspheroid, and the fourth light output surface of the third converginglens may include a second bowl-shaped cavity surrounding a secondcentral mound shaped as a portion of a spheroid.

In some examples of the lighting system, the third converging lens maybe configured for causing convergence of some of the light emissions ofthe second semiconductor light-emitting device to form the furtherconverged light emissions as having the fourth HWHM being about 7.5degrees, and the fourth light input surface of the third converging lensmay include a second central cavity being shaped as a portion of aspheroid, and the fourth light output surface of the third converginglens may include a second bowl-shaped cavity surrounding a secondcentral mound shaped as a portion of a spheroid.

In further examples of the lighting system, the third converging lensmay be configured for causing convergence of some of the light emissionsof the second semiconductor light-emitting device to form the furtherconverged light emissions as having the fourth HWHM being about 12.5degrees, and the fourth light input surface of the third converging lensmay include a second central disk-shaped cavity, and the fourth lightoutput surface of the third converging lens may include a secondbowl-shaped cavity surrounding a second central mound shaped as aportion of a spheroid.

In additional examples of the lighting system, the third converging lensmay be configured for causing convergence of some of the light emissionsof the second semiconductor light-emitting device to form the furtherconverged light emissions as having the fourth HWHM being about 20degrees, and the fourth light input surface of the third converging lensmay include a second central compound parabolic concentrator, and thefourth light output surface of the third converging lens may include asecond bowl-shaped cavity surrounding a second central flat region.

In other examples of the lighting system, the third converging lens mayhave a third diameter transverse to the fourth lens axis at the fourthlight input surface, and the third converging lens may have a fourthdiameter transverse to the fourth lens axis at the fourth light outputsurface, and the fourth diameter may be smaller than the fifth diameter.

In some examples of the lighting system, the second diverging lens mayhave the second screen as including an array of lenticular toroidallenses.

In further examples, the lighting system may be configured forpositioning the semiconductor light-emitting device as being spacedapart on a longitudinal axis away from the second semiconductorlight-emitting device for causing the central light emission axis to bespaced apart from the second central light emission axis.

In additional examples, the lighting system may be configured forpositioning the semiconductor light-emitting device as being spacedapart on the longitudinal axis away from the second semiconductorlight-emitting device for causing the central light emission axis to besubstantially parallel with the second central light emission axis.

In other examples, the lighting system may further include a housing,the housing may be configured for positioning the lighting module foremission of the light emissions from the semiconductor light-emittingdevice along the central light emission axis, and the housing may beconfigured for positioning the second lighting module for emission ofthe further light emissions from the second semiconductor light-emittingdevice along the second central light emission axis.

In some examples, the lighting system may further include a carrier, thecarrier may be configured for positioning the first or second lensmodule in the housing with the first or second lens axis being alignedwith the central light emission axis, and the carrier may be configuredfor positioning the fourth or fifth lens module in the housing with thefourth or fifth lens axis being aligned with the second central lightemission axis.

In further examples, the lighting system may further include a primaryvisible light reflector configured for being positioned between thehousing and the carrier, the primary visible light reflector may beconfigured for redirecting some of the light emissions of thesemiconductor light-emitting device along the central light emissionaxis, and the primary visible light reflector may be configured forredirecting some of the further light emissions of the secondsemiconductor light-emitting device along the second central lightemission axis.

In some examples, the lighting system may be configured forinterchangeably installing either: the first lens module in the lightingmodule and the fourth lens module in the second lighting module; or thesecond lens module in the lighting module and the fifth lens module inthe second lighting module.

In further examples of the lighting system, the first lens module may beintegral with the fourth lens module, and the second lens module may beintegral with the fifth lens module.

In additional examples, the lighting system may further include aseventh lens module that may include a third diverging lens having aseventh lens axis, the third diverging lens being configured for causingdivergence of some of the converged light emissions away from theseventh lens axis by a seventh HWHM, being different than the thirdHWHM, to form additional diverged light emissions, the third diverginglens having a seventh light output surface being spaced apart along theseventh lens axis from a seventh light input surface, the seventh lightinput surface including a third lens screen having lenticular ormicroprismatic features; and the lighting system may be configured fordetachably installing the first lens module or the second lens module inthe lighting module between the semiconductor light-emitting device andthe seventh lens module; and the lighting system may be configured foraligning the first or second lens axis with the central light emissionaxis and the seventh lens axis.

In other examples, the lighting system may include an eighth lens modulethat may include a fourth diverging lens having an eighth lens axis, thefourth diverging lens being configured for causing divergence of some ofthe further converged light emissions away from the eighth lens axis byan eighth HWHM, being different than the sixth HWHM, to form additionaldiverged light emissions, the fourth diverging lens having an eighthlight output surface being spaced apart along the eighth lens axis froman eighth light input surface, the eighth light input surface includinga fourth lens screen having lenticular or microprismatic features; andthe lighting system may be configured for detachably installing thefourth lens module or the fifth lens module in the second lightingmodule between the second semiconductor light-emitting device and theeighth lens module; and the lighting system may be configured foraligning the fourth or fifth lens axis with the second central lightemission axis and the eighth lens axis.

In some examples, the lighting system may be configured forinterchangeably installing either: the third lens module in the lightingmodule and the sixth lens module in the second lighting module; or theseventh lens module in the lighting module and the eighth lens module inthe second lighting module.

In further examples of the lighting system, the third lens module may beintegral with the sixth lens module, and the seventh lens module may beintegral with the eighth lens module.

In other examples of the lighting system, the third HWHM may be the sameas the sixth HWHM, and the seventh HWHM may be the same as the eighthHWHM.

In some examples, the lighting system may be configured forinterchangeably installing either: the first lens module in the lightingmodule and the fourth lens module in the second lighting module; or thesecond lens module in the lighting module and the fifth lens module inthe second lighting module.

In further examples of the lighting system, the first lens module may beintegral with the fourth lens module, and the second lens module may beintegral with the fifth lens module.

In other examples of the lighting system, the first diverging lens maybe integral with the second diverging lens, and the lighting system maybe configured for positioning the semiconductor light-emitting device asbeing spaced apart on a longitudinal axis away from the secondsemiconductor light-emitting device, and the first and second diverginglenses may be integrally configured for causing divergence of some ofthe converged light emissions in directions that are spaced apart fromdirections along the longitudinal axis.

In some examples of the lighting system, each of the first and seconddiverging lenses may be configured for causing divergence of some of theconverged light emissions in directions that are spaced apart fromdirections along the longitudinal axis by an HWHM being about 4 degrees.

In further examples of the lighting system, each of the first and seconddiverging lenses may be configured for causing divergence of some of theconverged light emissions in directions that are spaced apart fromdirections along the longitudinal axis by an HWHM being about 10degrees.

In other examples of the lighting system, each of the first and seconddiverging lenses may be configured for causing divergence of some of theconverged light emissions in directions that are spaced apart fromdirections along the longitudinal axis by an HWHM being about 15degrees.

In some examples of the lighting system, each of the first and seconddiverging lenses may be configured for causing divergence of some of theconverged light emissions in directions that are spaced apart fromdirections along the longitudinal axis by an HWHM being about 25degrees.

In further examples of the lighting system, each of the first and seconddiverging lenses may be configured for causing divergence of some of theconverged light emissions in directions that are spaced apart fromdirections along the longitudinal axis by an HWHM being about 30degrees.

In additional examples of the lighting system, the first, second, thirdand fourth converging lenses may be configured for forming the convergedlight emissions as respectively having the first, second, fourth, andfifth HWHM being within a range of between about 2 degrees and about 5degrees; and the first and second diverging lenses may be configured forcausing divergence of some of the converged light emissions away fromthe central light emission axes in directions that are spaced apart fromdirections along the longitudinal axis by an HWHM being within a rangeof between about 2 degrees and about 6 degrees.

In further examples of the lighting system, the diverged light emissionsmay have a cumulative HWHM away from the central light emission axes indirections that are spaced apart from directions along the longitudinalaxis being within a range of between about 4 degrees and about 11degrees.

In additional examples of the lighting system, the first, second, thirdand fourth converging lenses may be configured for forming the convergedlight emissions as respectively having the first, second, fourth, andfifth HWHM being within a range of between about 15 degrees and about 25degrees; and the first and second diverging lenses may be configured forcausing divergence of some of the converged light emissions away fromthe central light emission axes in directions that are spaced apart fromdirections along the longitudinal axis by an HWHM being within a rangeof between about 25 degrees and about 35 degrees.

In other examples of the lighting system, the diverged light emissionsmay have a cumulative HWHM away from the central light emission axes indirections that are spaced apart from directions along the longitudinalaxis being within a range of between about 40 degrees and about 60degrees.

In some examples of the lighting system, the first, second, third andfourth converging lenses may be configured for forming the convergedlight emissions as respectively having the first, second, fourth, andfifth HWHM being within a range of between about 15 degrees and about 25degrees; and the first and second diverging lenses may be configured forcausing divergence of some of the converged light emissions away fromthe central light emission axes in directions that are spaced apart fromdirections along the longitudinal axis by an HWHM being within a rangeof between about 2 degrees and about 6 degrees.

In further examples of the lighting system, the diverged light emissionsmay have a cumulative HWHM away from the central light emission axes indirections that are spaced apart from directions along the longitudinalaxis being within a range of between about 17 degrees and about 31degrees.

In additional examples of the lighting system, the first, second, thirdand fourth converging lenses may be configured for forming the convergedlight emissions as respectively having the first, second, fourth, andfifth HWHM being within a range of between about 2 degrees and about 5degrees; and the first and second diverging lenses may be configured forcausing divergence of some of the converged light emissions away fromthe central light emission axes in directions that are spaced apart fromdirections along the longitudinal axis by an HWHM being within a rangeof between about 25 degrees and about 35 degrees.

In other examples of the lighting system, the diverged light emissionsmay have a cumulative HWHM away from the central light emission axes indirections that are spaced apart from directions along the longitudinalaxis being within a range of between about 27 degrees and about 40degrees.

In additional examples of the lighting system, the first diverging lensmay be integral with the second diverging lens, and the lighting systemmay be configured for positioning the semiconductor light-emittingdevice as being spaced apart on a longitudinal axis away from the secondsemiconductor light-emitting device, and the first and second diverginglenses may be integrally configured for causing divergence of some ofthe converged light emissions in directions that are spaced apart fromdirections transverse to the longitudinal axis.

In other examples of the lighting system, each of the first and seconddiverging lenses may be configured for causing divergence of some of theconverged light emissions in directions that are spaced apart fromdirections transverse to the longitudinal axis by an HWHM being about 4degrees.

In some examples of the lighting system, each of the first and seconddiverging lenses may be configured for causing divergence of some of theconverged light emissions in directions that are spaced apart fromdirections transverse to the longitudinal axis by an HWHM being about 10degrees.

In further examples of the lighting system, each of the first and seconddiverging lenses may be configured for causing divergence of some of theconverged light emissions in directions that are spaced apart fromdirections transverse to the longitudinal axis by an HWHM being about 15degrees.

In additional examples of the lighting system, each of the first andsecond diverging lenses may be configured for causing divergence of someof the converged light emissions in directions that are spaced apartfrom directions transverse to the longitudinal axis by an HWHM beingabout 25 degrees.

In other examples of the lighting system, each of the first and seconddiverging lenses may be configured for causing divergence of some of theconverged light emissions in directions that are spaced apart fromdirections transverse to the longitudinal axis by an HWHM being about 30degrees.

In some examples of the lighting system, the third converging lens maybe configured for forming the converged light emissions as having thefourth HWHM being within a range of between about 2 degrees and about 25degrees, and the fourth converging lens may be configured for formingthe further converged light emissions as having the fifth HWHM beingwithin a range of between about 2 degrees and about 25 degrees, and eachof the first and second diverging lenses may be configured for causingdivergence of some of the converged light emissions in directions thatare spaced apart from directions transverse to the longitudinal axis byan HWHM being within a range of between about 4 degrees and about 30degrees.

In further examples of the lighting system, the diverged light emissionsmay have a cumulative HWHM away from the central light emission axes indirections that are spaced apart from directions transverse to thelongitudinal axis being within a range of between about 6 degrees andabout 55 degrees.

In some examples, the lighting system may further include a ninth lensmodule that may include a fifth diverging lens, the fifth diverging lenshaving a ninth light output surface being spaced apart along a ninthlens axis from a ninth light input surface, the fifth diverging lenshaving a fifth total internal reflection side surface being spaced apartaround the ninth lens axis and having a fifth frusto-conical shapeextending between the ninth light input and output surfaces of the fifthdiverging lens; and the ninth light input surface of the fifth diverginglens may include a third central cavity being shaped as a portion of aspheroid; and the ninth light output surface of the fifth diverging lensmay include a first raised region being shaped as a sliced torus havinga fourth central cavity; and the lighting system may be configured fordetachably installing the ninth lens module in the lighting modulebetween the semiconductor light-emitting device and the third lensmodule; and the lighting system may be configured for aligning the ninthlens axis with the central light emission axis and the third lens axis.

In further examples of the lighting system, the first raised region ofthe fifth diverging lens that may be shaped as a sliced torus may beconfigured for causing some of the converged light emissions to passthrough the third light output surface at a plurality of spaced-apartpoints.

In additional examples, the lighting system may further include a tenthlens module that may include a sixth diverging lens, the sixth diverginglens having a tenth light output surface being spaced apart along atenth lens axis from a tenth light input surface, the sixth diverginglens having a sixth total internal reflection side surface being spacedapart around the tenth lens axis and having a sixth frusto-conical shapeextending between the tenth light input and output surfaces of the sixthdiverging lens; and the tenth light input surface of the sixth diverginglens may include a fifth central cavity being shaped as a portion of aspheroid; and the tenth light output surface of the sixth diverging lensmay include a second raised region being shaped as a sliced torus havinga sixth central cavity; and the lighting system may be configured fordetachably installing the tenth lens module in the second lightingmodule between the second semiconductor light-emitting device and thesixth lens module; and the lighting system may be configured foraligning the tenth lens axis with the second central light emission axisand the sixth lens axis.

In other examples of the lighting system, the second raised region ofthe sixth diverging lens that may be shaped as a sliced torus may beconfigured for causing some of the further converged light emissions topass through the sixth light output surface at a plurality ofspaced-apart points.

In some examples, the lighting system may be configured for positioningthe semiconductor light-emitting device as being spaced apart on alongitudinal axis away from the second semiconductor light-emittingdevice for causing the central light emission axis to be spaced apartfrom the second central light emission axis.

In further examples of the lighting system, the fifth diverging lens maybe integral with the sixth diverging lens, and the fifth and sixthdiverging lenses may be integrally configured for causing some of theconverged light emissions to pass through the third and sixth lightoutput surfaces at a plurality of spaced-apart points.

In additional examples of the lighting system, the first diverging lens,the second diverging lens, the fifth diverging lens, and the sixthdiverging lens may be collectively configured for causing the third andsixth light output surfaces to emit a perceived line of light.

In other examples, the lighting system may further include another lensmodule having another diverging lens, the another diverging lens havingone lens axis being spaced apart from another lens axis, the lightingsystem being configured for detachably installing the another diverginglens with the one lens axis being aligned with the central lightemission axis and with the another lens axis being aligned with thesecond central light emission axis, the another diverging lens havinganother total internal reflection side surface extending between anotherlight input surface and another light output surface, the another lightoutput surface may include a contoured lens screen having lenticular ormicroprismatic features.

In some examples of the lighting system, the another diverging lens mayhave the contoured lens screen as including an array of lenticulartoroidal lenses.

In further examples of the lighting system, the another light inputsurface may include one cavity aligned with the one lens axis and shapedas a portion of a spheroid, and the another light input surface mayinclude another cavity aligned with the another lens axis and shaped asa portion of a spheroid.

In additional examples, the lighting system may be configured forpositioning the semiconductor light-emitting device as being spacedapart on a longitudinal axis away from the second semiconductorlight-emitting device for causing the central light emission axis to bespaced apart from the second central light emission axis.

In other examples of the lighting system, the contoured lens screen mayhave a central concave surface having a lens screen axis that extends indirections being similar to and spaced apart from the longitudinal axis.

In some examples of the lighting system, the lens screen axis mayintersect the one lens axis and the another lens axis.

In further examples of the lighting system, the contoured lens screenmay have one convex surface extending in directions along the lensscreen axis, and one edge of the central concave region may extendadjacent to the one convex surface in directions along the lens screenaxis.

In other examples of the lighting system, the contoured lens screen mayhave another convex surface extending in directions along the lensscreen axis, and another edge of the central concave region may extendadjacent to the another convex surface in directions along the lensscreen axis.

In some examples of the lighting system, the contoured lens screen maybe configured for causing divergence of some of the converged lightemissions away from the lens screen axis.

In further examples of the lighting system, the another lens module maybe configured for causing some of the light emissions to pass throughthe contoured lens screen at a plurality of spaced-apart points.

In additional examples of the lighting system, the first diverging lens,the second diverging lens, and the another diverging lens may becollectively configured for causing the third and sixth light outputsurfaces to emit a perceived line of light.

In other examples, the lighting system may further include a housing,and the housing may be configured for positioning the lighting modulefor emission of the light emissions from the semiconductorlight-emitting device along the central light emission axis, and thehousing may be configured for positioning the second lighting module foremission of the further light emissions from the second semiconductorlight-emitting device along the second central light emission axis.

In some examples, the lighting system may further include a carrier, andthe carrier may be configured for positioning the another lens module inthe housing with the one lens axis being aligned with the central lightemission axis and with the another lens axis being aligned with thesecond central light emission axis.

In further examples, the lighting system may further include a primaryvisible light reflector configured for being positioned between thehousing and the carrier, and the primary visible light reflector may beconfigured for redirecting some of the light emissions of thesemiconductor light-emitting device along the central light emissionaxis, and the primary visible light reflector may be configured forredirecting some of the further light emissions of the secondsemiconductor light-emitting device along the second central lightemission axis.

In another example of an implementation, a lighting system is providedthat includes: a lighting module; a first lens module; a second lensmodule; and a third lens module. In this example of the lighting system,the lighting module may include a semiconductor light-emitting deviceconfigured for emitting light emissions along a first central lightemission axis, and may include a second semiconductor light-emittingdevice configured for emitting light emissions along a second centrallight emission axis being spaced apart from the first central lightemission axis. In this example of the lighting system, the first lensmodule may include a first diverging lens being configured for causingdivergence of some of the light emissions away from the first centrallight emission axis, the first diverging lens having a first lightoutput surface being spaced apart along a first lens axis from a firstlight input surface, the first diverging lens having a first totalinternal reflection side surface being spaced apart around the firstlens axis and having a first frusto-conical shape extending between thefirst light input and output surfaces, and the first light input surfacemay include a first central cavity being shaped as a portion of aspheroid, and the first light output surface may include a first raisedregion being shaped as a sliced torus having a second central cavity.Also in this example of the lighting system, the second lens module mayinclude a second diverging lens being configured for causing divergenceof some of the light emissions away from the second central lightemission axis, the second diverging lens having a second light outputsurface being spaced apart along a second lens axis from a second lightinput surface, the second diverging lens having a second total internalreflection side surface being spaced apart around the second lens axisand having a second frusto-conical shape extending between the secondlight input and output surfaces, and the second light input surface mayinclude a third central cavity being shaped as a portion of a spheroid,and the second light output surface may include a second raised regionbeing shaped as a sliced torus having a fourth central cavity. In thisexample of the lighting system, the third lens module may include athird diverging lens being configured for causing further divergence ofsome of the light emissions away from the first and second central lightemission axes, the third diverging lens having a third light outputsurface being spaced apart from a third light input surface, and thethird light input surface may include a first lens screen havinglenticular or microprismatic features. In this example, the lightingsystem may be configured for aligning the first and second lens modulesbetween the third lens module and the lighting module, with first lensaxis being aligned with the first central light emission axis and withthe second lens axis being aligned with the second central lightemission axis.

In some examples of the lighting system, the raised regions of the firstand second diverging lenses may be configured for causing some of thelight emissions to pass through the third light output surface at aplurality of spaced-apart points.

In further examples of the lighting system, the first diverging lens maybe integral with the second diverging lens.

In additional examples of the lighting system, the first, second andthird diverging lenses may be collectively configured for causing thethird light output surface to emit a perceived line of light.

In other examples of the lighting system the first diverging lens mayhave the contoured lens screen as including an array of lenticulartoroidal lenses.

In some examples, the lighting system may be configured for positioningthe semiconductor light-emitting device as being spaced apart on alongitudinal axis away from the second semiconductor light-emittingdevice for causing the central light emission axis to be spaced apartfrom the second central light emission axis.

In further examples, the lighting system may further include a housing,and the housing may be configured for positioning the lighting modulefor emission of the light emissions from the semiconductorlight-emitting device along the central light emission axis, and thehousing may be configured for positioning the second lighting module foremission of the further light emissions from the second semiconductorlight-emitting device along the second central light emission axis.

In additional examples, the lighting system may further include acarrier, and the carrier may be configured for positioning the firstlens module in the housing with the one lens axis being aligned with thecentral light emission axis, and may be configured for positioning thesecond lens module in the housing with the another lens axis beingaligned with the second central light emission axis.

In other examples, the lighting system may further include a primaryvisible light reflector configured for being positioned between thehousing and the carrier, and the primary visible light reflector may beconfigured for redirecting some of the light emissions of thesemiconductor light-emitting device along the central light emissionaxis, and the primary visible light reflector may be configured forredirecting some of the further light emissions of the secondsemiconductor light-emitting device along the second central lightemission axis.

In a further example of an implementation, a lighting system is providedthat includes: a lighting module; a first lens module; and a second lensmodule. In this example of the lighting system, the lighting module mayinclude a semiconductor light-emitting device configured for emittinglight emissions along a first central light emission axis, and mayinclude a second semiconductor light-emitting device configured foremitting light emissions along a second central light emission axisbeing spaced apart from the first central light emission axis. In thisexample of the lighting system, the first lens module may have a firstdiverging lens being configured for causing divergence of some of thelight emissions away from the first and second central light emissionaxes, the first diverging lens having one lens axis being aligned withthe central light emission axis and another lens axis being aligned withthe second central light emission axis, the first diverging lens havinga total internal reflection side surface extending between a first lightinput surface and a first light output surface, and the first lightoutput surface may include a contoured lens screen having lenticular ormicroprismatic features. In this example of the lighting system, thesecond lens module may include a second diverging lens being configuredfor causing further divergence of some of the light emissions away fromthe first and second central light emission axes, the second diverginglens having a second light output surface being spaced apart from asecond light input surface, the second light input surface may include afirst lens screen having lenticular or microprismatic features. In thisexample, the lighting system may be configured for aligning the firstlens module between the second lens module and the lighting module, withfirst lens axis being aligned with the first central light emission axisand with the second lens axis being aligned with the second centrallight emission axis.

In some examples of the lighting system, the first diverging lens mayhave the contoured lens screen as including an array of lenticulartoroidal lenses.

In further examples of the lighting system, the first light inputsurface may include one cavity aligned with the one lens axis and shapedas a portion of a spheroid, and the first light input surface mayinclude another cavity aligned with the another lens axis and shaped asa portion of a spheroid.

In additional examples, the lighting system may be configured forpositioning the semiconductor light-emitting device as being spacedapart on a longitudinal axis away from the second semiconductorlight-emitting device for causing the central light emission axis to bespaced apart from the second central light emission axis.

In other examples of the lighting system, the contoured lens screen mayhave a central concave surface having a lens screen axis that extends indirections being similar to and spaced apart from the longitudinal axis.

In some examples of the lighting system, the lens screen axis mayintersect the one lens axis and the another lens axis.

In further examples of the lighting system, the contoured lens screenmay have one convex surface extending in directions along the lensscreen axis, and one edge of the central concave region may extendadjacent to the one convex surface in directions along the lens screenaxis.

In additional examples of the lighting system, the contoured lens screenmay have another convex surface extending in directions along the lensscreen axis, and another edge of the central concave region may extendadjacent to the another convex surface in directions along the lensscreen axis.

In other examples of the lighting system, the contoured lens screen maybe configured for causing further divergence of some of the lightemissions away from the lens screen axis.

In some examples of the lighting system, the another lens module may beconfigured for causing some of the light emissions to pass through thecontoured lens screen at a plurality of spaced-apart points.

In further examples of the lighting system, the first diverging lens andthe second diverging lens may be collectively configured for causing thesecond light output surface to emit a perceived line of light.

In additional examples, the lighting system may further include ahousing, and the housing may be configured for positioning the lightingmodule for emission of the light emissions from the semiconductorlight-emitting device along the central light emission axis, and thehousing may be configured for positioning the second lighting module foremission of the further light emissions from the second semiconductorlight-emitting device along the second central light emission axis.

In other examples, the lighting system may further include a carrier,and the carrier may be configured for positioning the first lens modulein the housing with the one lens axis being aligned with the centrallight emission axis and with the another lens axis being aligned withthe second central light emission axis.

In some examples, the lighting system may further include a primaryvisible light reflector configured for being positioned between thehousing and the carrier, and the primary visible light reflector may beconfigured for redirecting some of the light emissions of thesemiconductor light-emitting device along the central light emissionaxis, and the primary visible light reflector may be configured forredirecting some of the further light emissions of the secondsemiconductor light-emitting device along the second central lightemission axis.

In further examples, the lighting system may have the third lens moduleas including a first diverging lens having a third lens axis, the firstdiverging lens being configured for causing divergence of some of theconverged light emissions away from the third lens axis, and the thirdlens module may include: a lens body having a light output surfacespaced apart along a light transmission axis from a light input surface,the lens body having a longitudinal axis and a lateral axis, thelongitudinal and lateral axes being transverse to the light transmissionaxis; the light output surface having an asymmetric curvilinear contourbeing formed by a convex region overlapping in directions along thelateral axis with a concave region, the asymmetric curvilinear contouruniformly extending in directions along the longitudinal axis. Asadditional examples, the lighting system may have the light inputsurface of the third lens module as including an array of diverginglenses being configured for causing divergence of light away from thelight transmission axis in directions along the longitudinal axis of thelens body.

As other examples, the lighting system may have the sixth lens module asincluding a second diverging lens having a sixth lens axis, the seconddiverging lens being configured for causing divergence of some of theconverged light emissions away from the sixth lens axis, and the sixthlens module may include a lens body having a light output surface spacedapart along a light transmission axis from a light input surface, thelens body having a longitudinal axis and a lateral axis, thelongitudinal and lateral axes being transverse to the light transmissionaxis; the light output surface having an asymmetric curvilinear contourbeing formed by a convex region overlapping in directions along thelateral axis with a concave region, the asymmetric curvilinear contouruniformly extending in directions along the longitudinal axis. In someexamples, the lighting system may have the light input surface of thesixth lens module as including an array of diverging lenses beingconfigured for causing divergence of light away from the lighttransmission axis in directions along the longitudinal axis of the lensbody.

Other systems, processes, features and advantages of the invention willbe or will become apparent to one with skill in the art upon examinationof the following figures and detailed description. It is intended thatall such additional systems, processes, features and advantages beincluded within this description, be within the scope of the invention,and be protected by the accompanying claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The invention can be better understood with reference to the followingfigures. The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale,emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of theinvention. Moreover, in the figures, like reference numerals designatecorresponding parts throughout the different views.

FIG. 1 is a perspective bottom view showing a portion of an example[100] of an implementation of a lighting system.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view taken along the line 2-2, showingthe portion of the example [100] of the lighting system.

FIG. 3 is a perspective bottom view showing another portion of theexample [100] of an implementation of a lighting system.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional side view taken along the line 4-4, showingthe another portion of the example [100] of the lighting system.

FIG. 5 is a perspective bottom view showing a further portion of theexample [100] of an implementation of a lighting system.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional side view taken along the line 6-6, showingthe further portion of the example [100] of the lighting system.

FIG. 7 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of an additionallens module that may be included in the example [100] of animplementation of a lighting system.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional side view taken along the line 8-8, showingthe example of the additional lens module that may be included in theexample [100] of the lighting system.

FIG. 9 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of a portion of asecond lighting module that may be included in the example [100] of animplementation of a lighting system.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional side view taken along the line 10-10,showing the example of the portion of the second lighting module thatmay be included in the example [100] of the lighting system.

FIG. 11 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of anotherportion of the second lighting module that may be included in theexample [100] of an implementation of a lighting system.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional side view taken along the line 12-12,showing the example of the another portion of the second lighting modulethat may be included in the example [100] of the lighting system.

FIG. 13 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of a furtherportion of the second lighting module that may be included in theexample [100] of an implementation of a lighting system.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional side view taken along the line 14-14,showing the example of the further portion of the second lighting modulethat may be included in the example [100] of the lighting system.

FIG. 15 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of another lensmodule that may be included in the example [100] of an implementation ofa lighting system.

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional side view taken along the line 16-16,showing the example of the another lens module that may be included inthe example [100] of the lighting system.

FIG. 17 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of a furtherlens module that may be included in the example [100] of animplementation of a lighting system.

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional side view taken along the line 18-18,showing the example of the further lens module that may be included inthe example [100] of the lighting system.

FIG. 19 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of an additionallens module that may be included in the example [100] of animplementation of a lighting system.

FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional side view taken along the line 20-20,showing the example of the additional lens module that may be includedin the example [100] of the lighting system.

FIG. 21 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of another lensmodule that may be included in the example [100] of an implementation ofa lighting system.

FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional side view taken along the line 22-22,showing the example of the another lens module that may be included inthe example [100] of the lighting system.

FIG. 23 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of a seventhlens module that may be included in the example [100] of animplementation of a lighting system.

FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional side view taken along the line 24-24,showing the example of the seventh lens module that may be included inthe example [100] of the lighting system.

FIG. 25 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of an eighthlens module that may be included in the example [100] of animplementation of a lighting system.

FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional side view taken along the line 26-26,showing the example of the eighth lens module that may be included inthe example [100] of the lighting system.

FIG. 27 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of a ninth lensmodule that may be included in the example [100] of an implementation ofa lighting system.

FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional side view taken along the line 28-28,showing the example of the ninth lens module that may be included in theexample [100] of the lighting system.

FIG. 29 is a perspective bottom view showing the example of the ninthlens module; and showing an example of a tenth lens module that may beincluded in the example [100] of an implementation of a lighting system.

FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional side view taken along the line 30-30,showing the example of the ninth lens module; and showing the example ofthe tenth lens module that may be included in the example [100] of thelighting system.

FIG. 31 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of an eleventhlens module that may be included in the example [100] of animplementation of a lighting system.

FIG. 32 is cross-sectional view taken along the line 32-32, showing theexample of the eleventh lens module that may be included in the example[100] of the lighting system.

FIG. 33 is a top view taken along the line 33-33, showing the example ofthe eleventh lens module that may be included in the example [100] ofthe lighting system.

FIG. 34 is a top view showing examples of the carrier and the primaryvisible light reflector that may be included in the example [100] of animplementation of a lighting system.

FIG. 35 is a perspective view showing the examples of the carrier andthe primary visible light reflector as shown in FIG. 34.

FIG. 36 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the examples [100] of thelighting system shown in FIGS. 34-35.

FIG. 37 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of an asymmetrictwelfth lens module that may be included in the example [100] of animplementation of a lighting system.

FIG. 38 is a side view taken along the line 38, showing the example ofthe twelfth lens module including a sixth diverging lens having atwelfth lens axis, that may be included in the example [100] of thelighting system.

FIG. 39 is a perspective bottom view showing another portion of theexample [100] of an implementation of a lighting system.

FIG. 40 is a bottom view taken along the line 40, showing the anotherportion of the example [100] of the lighting system.

FIG. 41 is a bottom close-up view also taken along the line 40, showinga central bottom region of the another portion of the example [100] ofthe lighting system.

FIG. 42 is a close-up view also taken along the line 40, showing aportion of the central bottom region of the example [100] of thelighting system.

FIG. 43 is another close-up view also taken along the line 40, showing aportion of the central bottom region of the example [100] of thelighting system.

FIG. 44 is a cross-sectional side view taken along the line 44-44,showing the another portion of the example [100] of the lighting system.

FIG. 45 is a cross-sectional perspective bottom view taken along theline 45-45, showing the another portion of the example [100] of thelighting system.

FIG. 46 is a cross-sectional perspective bottom view taken along theline 46-46, showing the another portion of the example [100] of thelighting system.

FIG. 47 is a cross-sectional perspective bottom view taken along theline 47-47, showing the another portion of the example [100] of thelighting system.

FIG. 48 is a perspective bottom view showing an additional portion ofthe example [100] of an implementation of a lighting system.

FIG. 49 is a cross-sectional side view taken along the line 49-49,showing the additional portion of the example [100] of the lightingsystem.

FIG. 50 is a perspective bottom view showing a further portion of theexample [100] of an implementation of a lighting system.

FIG. 51 is a cross-sectional side view taken along the line 51-51,showing the additional portion of the example [100] of the lightingsystem.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various lighting systems that utilize semiconductor light-emittingdevices have been designed. Many such lighting systems exist thatinclude lenses for controlling directions of propagation of lightemissions from the semiconductor light-emitting devices. However,existing lighting systems often have demonstrably failed to generatelight using semiconductor light-emitting devices that has a uniformintensity distribution and an evenly-illuminated appearance, and thatdoes not include projected images of the semiconductor light-emittingdevices themselves. Furthermore, existing lighting systems often havedemonstrably failed to generate light using semiconductor light-emittingdevices that has such a uniform intensity distribution and anevenly-illuminated appearance without incurring significant beamspreading of the generated light due to the intentional light scatteringutilized to blend the light and to blur the images of the semiconductorlight-emitting devices.

In some examples, lens devices accordingly are provided that include aconverging lens having a light output surface being spaced apart along alens axis from a light input surface, the converging lens further havinga total internal reflection side surface being spaced apart around thelens axis and having a frusto-conical shape extending between the lightinput and output surfaces of the converging lens. In these examples of alens device, a portion of the light input surface of the converging lensincludes a light input cavity being bounded by a perimeter, the lightinput cavity having a central axis and being generally shaped as aportion of a spheroid. Further in the lens device, the light inputcavity has a plurality of grooves each respectively following a splinealong the light input surface that intersects with the central axis ofthe light input cavity and with a respective point on the perimeter.Also in the example of the lens device, each of the respective pointsare mutually spaced apart around the perimeter of the light inputcavity.

In additional examples, lighting systems accordingly are providedherein, that may include: a lighting module including a semiconductorlight-emitting device (“SLED”); and a first lens module. These lightingsystems may, as examples, further include: either or both of a secondlens module and a third lens module. The SLED may be configured foremitting light emissions along a central light emission axis; and thefirst, second and third lens modules may respectively have first, secondand third lens axes. The lighting system may be configured: fordetachably installing the first lens module, the second lens module, andthe third lens module; and for aligning the first or second lens axiswith the central light emission axis and with the third lens axis. Thefirst and second lens modules may respectively include first and secondconverging lenses being configured for causing convergence of some ofthe light emissions of the semiconductor light-emitting device to formconverged light emissions along the central light emission axis having ahalf-width-half-maximum (HWHM). The first and second converging lensesmay respectively have first and second light output surfaces beingspaced apart along the first and second lens axes from first and secondlight input surfaces. The first and second converging lenses may furtherrespectively have first and second total internal reflection sidesurfaces being spaced apart around the first and second lens axes andhaving first and second frusto-conical shapes extending between thefirst and second light input and output surfaces.

The following definitions of terms, being stated as applying “throughoutthis specification”, are hereby deemed to be incorporated throughoutthis specification, including but not limited to the Summary, BriefDescription of the Figures, Detailed Description, and Claims.

Throughout this specification, the term “semiconductor” means: asubstance, examples including a solid chemical element or compound, thatcan conduct electricity under some conditions but not others, making thesubstance a good medium for the control of electrical current.

Throughout this specification, the term “semiconductor light-emittingdevice” (also being abbreviated as “SLED”) means: a light-emittingdiode; an organic light-emitting diode; a laser diode; or any otherlight-emitting device having one or more layers containing inorganicand/or organic semiconductor(s). Throughout this specification, the term“light-emitting diode” (herein also referred to as an “LED”) means: atwo-lead semiconductor light source having an active pn-junction. Asexamples, an LED may include a series of semiconductor layers that maybe epitaxially grown on a substrate such as, for example, a substratethat includes sapphire, silicon, silicon carbide, gallium nitride orgallium arsenide. Further, for example, one or more semiconductor p-njunctions may be formed in these epitaxial layers. When a sufficientvoltage is applied across the p-n junction, for example, electrons inthe n-type semiconductor layers and holes in the p-type semiconductorlayers may flow toward the p-n junction. As the electrons and holes flowtoward each other, some of the electrons may recombine withcorresponding holes, and emit photons. The energy release is calledelectroluminescence, and the color of the light, which corresponds tothe energy of the photons, is determined by the energy band gap of thesemiconductor. As examples, a spectral power distribution of the lightgenerated by an LED may generally depend on the particular semiconductormaterials used and on the structure of the thin epitaxial layers thatmake up the “active region” of the device, being the area where thelight is generated. As examples, an LED may have a light-emissiveelectroluminescent layer including an inorganic semiconductor, such as aGroup III-V semiconductor, examples including: gallium nitride; silicon;silicon carbide; and zinc oxide. Throughout this specification, the term“organic light-emitting diode” (herein also referred to as an “OLED”)means: an LED having a light-emissive electroluminescent layer includingan organic semiconductor, such as small organic molecules or an organicpolymer. It is understood throughout this specification that asemiconductor light-emitting device may include: anon-semiconductor-substrate or a semiconductor-substrate; and mayinclude one or more electrically-conductive contact layers. Further, itis understood throughout this specification that an LED may include asubstrate formed of materials such as, for example: silicon carbide;sapphire; gallium nitride; or silicon. It is additionally understoodthroughout this specification that a semiconductor light-emitting devicemay have a cathode contact on one side and an anode contact on anopposite side, or may alternatively have both contacts on the same sideof the device.

Further background information regarding semiconductor light-emittingdevices is provided in the following documents, the entireties of all ofwhich hereby are incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Pat. Nos.7,564,180; 7,456,499; 7,213,940; 7,095,056; 6,958,497; 6,853,010;6,791,119; 6,600,175; 6,201,262; 6,187,606; 6,120,600; 5,912,477;5,739,554; 5,631,190; 5,604,135; 5,523,589; 5,416,342; 5,393,993;5,359,345; 5,338,944; 5,210,051; 5,027,168; 5,027,168; 4,966,862; and4,918,497; and U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2014/0225511;2014/0078715; 2013/0241392; 2009/0184616; 2009/0080185; 2009/0050908;2009/0050907; 2008/0308825; 2008/0198112; 2008/0179611; 2008/0173884;2008/0121921; 2008/0012036; 2007/0253209; 2007/0223219; 2007/0170447;2007/0158668; 2007/0139923; and 2006/0221272.

Throughout this specification, the term “spectral power distribution”means: the emission spectrum of the one or more wavelengths of lightemitted by a semiconductor light-emitting device. Throughout thisspecification, the term “peak wavelength” means: the wavelength wherethe spectral power distribution of a semiconductor light-emitting devicereaches its maximum value as detected by a photo-detector. As anexample, an LED may be a source of nearly monochromatic light and mayappear to emit light having a single color. Thus, the spectral powerdistribution of the light emitted by such an LED may be centered aboutits peak wavelength. As examples, the “width” of the spectral powerdistribution of an LED may be within a range of between about 10nanometers and about 30 nanometers, where the width is measured at halfthe maximum illumination on each side of the emission spectrum.Throughout this specification, the term “full-width-half-maximum”(“FWHM”) means: the full width of the spectral power distribution of asemiconductor light-emitting device measured at half the maximumillumination on each side of its emission spectrum. Throughout thisspecification, the term “half-width-half-maximum” (“HWHM”) means: halfof the full width of a FWHM. Throughout this specification, the term“dominant wavelength” means: the wavelength of monochromatic light thathas the same apparent color as the light emitted by a semiconductorlight-emitting device, as perceived by the human eye. As an example,since the human eye perceives yellow and green light better than red andblue light, and because the light emitted by a semiconductorlight-emitting device may extend across a range of wavelengths, thecolor perceived (i.e., the dominant wavelength) may differ from the peakwavelength.

Throughout this specification, the term “luminous flux”, also referredto as “luminous power”, means: the measure in lumens of the perceivedpower of light, being adjusted to reflect the varying sensitivity of thehuman eye to different wavelengths of light. Throughout thisspecification, the term “radiant flux” means: the measure of the totalpower of electromagnetic radiation without being so adjusted. Throughoutthis specification, the term “central light emission axis” means adirection along which the light emissions of a semiconductorlight-emitting device have a greatest radiant flux. It is understoodthroughout this specification that light emissions “along a centrallight emission axis” means light emissions that: include light emissionsin the directions of the central light emission axis; and may furtherinclude light emissions in a plurality of other generally similardirections.

It is understood throughout this specification that light emissions“along the longitudinal axis” means light emissions that: include lightemissions in the directions of the longitudinal axis; and may furtherinclude light emissions in a plurality of other generally similardirections. It is understood throughout this specification that lightemissions “in directions transverse to the longitudinal axis” meanslight emissions that: include light emissions in the directions beingorthogonal to the longitudinal axis; and may further include lightemissions in a plurality of other generally similar directions. It isunderstood throughout this specification that light emissions “indirections spaced apart from directions along the longitudinal axis”means light emissions in directions being similar to and spaced apartfrom the directions along the longitudinal axis. It is understoodthroughout this specification that light emissions “in directions spacedapart from directions transverse to the longitudinal axis” means lightemissions in directions being similar to and spaced apart from thedirections being transverse to the longitudinal axis.

Throughout this specification, the term “luminescent” means:characterized by absorption of electromagnetic radiation (e.g., visiblelight, UV light or infrared light) causing the emission of light by, asexamples: fluorescence; and phosphorescence.

Throughout this specification, the term “object” means a materialarticle or device. Throughout this specification, the term “surface”means an exterior boundary of an object. Throughout this specification,the term “incident visible light” means visible light that propagates inone or more directions towards a surface. Throughout this specification,the term “reflective surface” means a surface of an object that causesincident visible light, upon reaching the surface, to then propagate inone or more different directions away from the surface without passingthrough the object. Throughout this specification, the term “planarreflective surface” means a generally flat reflective surface.

Throughout this specification, the term “reflectance” means a fractionof a radiant flux of incident visible light having a specifiedwavelength that is caused by a reflective surface of an object topropagate in one or more different directions away from the surfacewithout passing through the object. Throughout this specification, theterm “reflected light” means the incident visible light that is causedby a reflective surface to propagate in one or more different directionsaway from the surface without passing through the object. Throughoutthis specification, the term “Lambertian reflectance” means diffusereflectance of visible light from a surface, in which the reflectedlight has uniform radiant flux in all of the propagation directions.Throughout this specification, the term “specular reflectance” meansmirror-like reflection of visible light from a surface, in which lightfrom a single incident direction is reflected into a single propagationdirection. Throughout this specification, the term “spectrum ofreflectance values” means a spectrum of values of fractions of radiantflux of incident visible light, the values corresponding to a spectrumof wavelength values of visible light, that are caused by a reflectivesurface to propagate in one or more different directions away from thesurface without passing through the object. Throughout thisspecification, the term “transmittance” means a fraction of a radiantflux of incident visible light having a specified wavelength that ispermitted by a reflective surface to pass through the object having thereflective surface. Throughout this specification, the term “transmittedlight” means the incident visible light that is permitted by areflective surface to pass through the object having the reflectivesurface. Throughout this specification, the term “spectrum oftransmittance values” means a spectrum of values of fractions of radiantflux of incident visible light, the values corresponding to a spectrumof wavelength values of visible light, that are permitted by areflective surface to pass through the object having the reflectivesurface. Throughout this specification, the term “absorbance” means afraction of a radiant flux of incident visible light having a specifiedwavelength that is permitted by a reflective surface to pass through thereflective surface and is absorbed by the object having the reflectivesurface. Throughout this specification, the term “spectrum of absorbancevalues” means a spectrum of values of fractions of radiant flux ofincident visible light, the values corresponding to a spectrum ofwavelength values of visible light, that are permitted by a reflectivesurface to pass through the reflective surface and are absorbed by theobject having the reflective surface. Throughout this specification, itis understood that a reflective surface, or an object, may have aspectrum of reflectance values, and a spectrum of transmittance values,and a spectrum of absorbance values. The spectra of reflectance values,absorbance values, and transmittance values of a reflective surface orof an object may be measured, for example, utilizing anultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-VIS-NIR) spectrophotometer.Throughout this specification, the term “visible light reflector” meansan object having a reflective surface. In examples, a visible lightreflector may be selected as having a reflective surface characterizedby light reflections that are more Lambertian than specular.

Throughout this specification, the term “lumiphor” means: a medium thatincludes one or more luminescent materials being positioned to absorblight that is emitted at a first spectral power distribution by asemiconductor light-emitting device, and to re-emit light at a secondspectral power distribution in the visible or ultra violet spectrumbeing different than the first spectral power distribution, regardlessof the delay between absorption and re-emission. Lumiphors may becategorized as being down-converting, i.e., a material that convertsphotons to a lower energy level (longer wavelength); or up-converting,i.e., a material that converts photons to a higher energy level (shorterwavelength). As examples, a luminescent material may include: aphosphor; a quantum dot; a quantum wire; a quantum well; a photonicnanocrystal; a semiconducting nanoparticle; a scintillator; a lumiphoricink; a lumiphoric organic dye; a day glow tape; a phosphorescentmaterial; or a fluorescent material. Throughout this specification, theterm “quantum material” means any luminescent material that includes: aquantum dot; a quantum wire; or a quantum well. Some quantum materialsmay absorb and emit light at spectral power distributions having narrowwavelength ranges, for example, wavelength ranges having spectral widthsbeing within ranges of between about 25 nanometers and about 50nanometers. In examples, two or more different quantum materials may beincluded in a lumiphor, such that each of the quantum materials may havea spectral power distribution for light emissions that may not overlapwith a spectral power distribution for light absorption of any of theone or more other quantum materials. In these examples, cross-absorptionof light emissions among the quantum materials of the lumiphor may beminimized. As examples, a lumiphor may include one or more layers orbodies that may contain one or more luminescent materials that each maybe: (1) coated or sprayed directly onto an semiconductor light-emittingdevice; (2) coated or sprayed onto surfaces of a lens or other elementsof packaging for an semiconductor light-emitting device; (3) dispersedin a matrix medium; or (4) included within a clear encapsulant (e.g., anepoxy-based or silicone-based curable resin or glass or ceramic) thatmay be positioned on or over an semiconductor light-emitting device. Alumiphor may include one or multiple types of luminescent materials.Other materials may also be included with a lumiphor such as, forexample, fillers, diffusants, colorants, or other materials that may asexamples improve the performance of or reduce the overall cost of thelumiphor. In examples where multiple types of luminescent materials maybe included in a lumiphor, such materials may, as examples, be mixedtogether in a single layer or deposited sequentially in successivelayers.

Throughout this specification, the term “volumetric lumiphor” means alumiphor being distributed in an object having a shape including definedexterior surfaces. In some examples, a volumetric lumiphor may be formedby dispersing a lumiphor in a volume of a matrix medium having suitablespectra of visible light transmittance values and visible lightabsorbance values. As examples, such spectra may be affected by athickness of the volume of the matrix medium, and by a concentration ofthe lumiphor being distributed in the volume of the matrix medium. Inexamples, the matrix medium may have a composition that includespolymers or oligomers of: a polycarbonate; a silicone; an acrylic; aglass; a polystyrene; or a polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate.Throughout this specification, the term “remotely-located lumiphor”means a lumiphor being spaced apart at a distance from and positioned toreceive light that is emitted by a semiconductor light-emitting device.

Throughout this specification, the term “light-scattering particles”means small particles formed of a non-luminescent,non-wavelength-converting material. In some examples, a volumetriclumiphor may include light-scattering particles being dispersed in thevolume of the matrix medium for causing some of the light emissionshaving the first spectral power distribution to be scattered within thevolumetric lumiphor. As an example, causing some of the light emissionsto be so scattered within the matrix medium may cause the luminescentmaterials in the volumetric lumiphor to absorb more of the lightemissions having the first spectral power distribution. In examples, thelight-scattering particles may include: rutile titanium dioxide; anatasetitanium dioxide; barium sulfate; diamond; alumina; magnesium oxide;calcium titanate; barium titanate; strontium titanate; or bariumstrontium titanate. In examples, light-scattering particles may haveparticle sizes being within a range of about 0.01 micron (10 nanometers)and about 2.0 microns (2,000 nanometers).

In some examples, a visible light reflector may be formed by dispersinglight-scattering particles having a first index of refraction in avolume of a matrix medium having a second index of refraction beingsuitably different from the first index of refraction for causing thevolume of the matrix medium with the dispersed light-scatteringparticles to have suitable spectra of reflectance values, transmittancevalues, and absorbance values for functioning as a visible lightreflector. As examples, such spectra may be affected by a thickness ofthe volume of the matrix medium, and by a concentration of thelight-scattering particles being distributed in the volume of the matrixmedium, and by physical characteristics of the light-scatteringparticles such as the particle sizes and shapes, and smoothness orroughness of exterior surfaces of the particles. In an example, thesmaller the difference between the first and second indices ofrefraction, the more light-scattering particles may need to be dispersedin the volume of the matrix medium to achieve a given amount oflight-scattering. As examples, the matrix medium for forming a visiblelight reflector may have a composition that includes polymers oroligomers of: a polycarbonate; a silicone; an acrylic; a glass; apolystyrene; or a polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate. Infurther examples, the light-scattering particles may include: rutiletitanium dioxide; anatase titanium dioxide; barium sulfate; diamond;alumina; magnesium oxide; calcium titanate; barium titanate; strontiumtitanate; or barium strontium titanate. In other examples, a visiblelight reflector may include a reflective polymeric or metallized surfaceformed on a visible light—transmissive polymeric or metallic object suchas, for example, a volume of a matrix medium. Additional examples ofvisible light reflectors may include microcellular foamed polyethyleneterephthalate sheets (“MCPET”). Suitable visible light reflectors may becommercially available under the trade names White Optics® and MIRO®from WhiteOptics LLC, 243-G Quigley Blvd., New Castle, Del. 19720 USA.Suitable MCPET visible light reflectors may be commercially availablefrom the Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd., Foamed Products Division, Tokyo,Japan. Additional suitable visible light reflectors may be commerciallyavailable from CVI Laser Optics, 200 Dorado Place SE, Albuquerque, N.Mex. 87123 USA.

In some examples, a converging or diverging lens may be formed as avolume of a matrix medium having a suitable shape for functioning as alens. In further examples, forming a diverging lens may includedispersing light-scattering particles having a first index of refractionin a volume of a matrix medium having a second index of refraction beingsuitably different from the first index of refraction for causing thevolume of the matrix medium with the dispersed light-scatteringparticles to have suitable light-scattering value for functioning as adiverging lens. As examples, the matrix medium for forming a lens mayhave a composition that includes polymers or oligomers of: apolycarbonate; a silicone; an acrylic; a glass; a polystyrene; or apolyester such as polyethylene terephthalate. In further examples, thelight-scattering particles may include: rutile titanium dioxide; anatasetitanium dioxide; barium sulfate; diamond; alumina; magnesium oxide;calcium titanate; barium titanate; strontium titanate; or bariumstrontium titanate.

In further examples, a volumetric lumiphor and a visible light reflectormay be integrally formed. As examples, a volumetric lumiphor and avisible light reflector may be integrally formed in respective layers ofa volume of a matrix medium, including a layer of the matrix mediumhaving a dispersed lumiphor, and including another layer of the same ora different matrix medium having light-scattering particles beingsuitably dispersed for causing the another layer to have suitablespectra of reflectance values, transmittance values, and absorbancevalues for functioning as the visible light reflector. In otherexamples, an integrally-formed volumetric lumiphor and visible lightreflector may incorporate any of the further examples of variationsdiscussed above as to separately-formed volumetric lumiphors and visiblelight reflectors.

Throughout this specification, the term “phosphor” means: a materialthat exhibits luminescence when struck by photons. Examples of phosphorsthat may be utilized include: CaAlSiN₃:Eu, SrAlSiN₃:Eu, CaAlSiN₃:Eu,Ba₃Si₆O₁₂N₂:Eu, Ba₂SiO₄:Eu, Sr₂SiO₄:Eu, Ca₂SiO₄:Eu, Ca₃Sc₂Si₃O₁₂:Ce,Ca₃Mg₂Si₃O₁₂:Ce, CaSc₂O₄:Ce, CaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu, SrSi₂O₂N₂:Eu, BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu,Ca₅(PO₄)₃Cl:Eu, Bas(PO₄)₃Cl:Eu, Cs₂CaP₂O₇, Cs₂SrP₂O₇, SrGa₂S₄:Eu,Lu₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce, Ca₈Mg(SiO₄)₄Cl₂:Eu, Sr₈Mg(SiO₄)₄Cl₂:Eu, La₃Si₆N₁₁:Ce,Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce, Y₃Ga₅O₁₂:Ce, Gd₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce, Gd₃Ga₅O₁₂:Ce, Tb₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce,Tb₃Ga₅O₁₂:Ce, Lu₃Ga₅O₁₂:Ce, (SrCa)AlSiN₃:Eu, LuAG:Ce, (Y,Gd)₂Al₅)₁₂:Ce,CaS:Eu, SrS:Eu, SrGa₂S₄:E₄, Ca₂(Sc,Mg)₂SiO₁₂:Ce, Ca₂Sc₂Si₂)₁₂:C2,Ca₂Sc₂O₄:Ce, Ba₂Si₆O₁₂N₂:Eu, (Sr,Ca)AlSiN₂:Eu, and CaAlSiN₂:Eu.

Throughout this specification, the term “quantum dot” means: ananocrystal made of semiconductor materials that are small enough toexhibit quantum mechanical properties, such that its excitons areconfined in all three spatial dimensions.

Throughout this specification, the term “quantum wire” means: anelectrically conducting wire in which quantum effects influence thetransport properties.

Throughout this specification, the term “quantum well” means: a thinlayer that can confine (quasi-)particles (typically electrons or holes)in the dimension perpendicular to the layer surface, whereas themovement in the other dimensions is not restricted.

Throughout this specification, the term “photonic nanocrystal” means: aperiodic optical nanostructure that affects the motion of photons, forone, two, or three dimensions, in much the same way that ionic latticesaffect electrons in solids.

Throughout this specification, the term “semiconducting nanoparticle”means: a particle having a dimension within a range of between about 1nanometer and about 100 nanometers, being formed of a semiconductor.

Throughout this specification, the term “scintillator” means: a materialthat fluoresces when struck by photons.

Throughout this specification, the term “lumiphoric ink” means: a liquidcomposition containing a luminescent material. For example, a lumiphoricink composition may contain semiconductor nanoparticles. Examples oflumiphoric ink compositions that may be utilized are disclosed in Cao etal., U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20130221489 published onAug. 29, 2013, the entirety of which hereby is incorporated herein byreference.

Throughout this specification, the term “lumiphoric organic dye” meansan organic dye having luminescent up-converting or down-convertingactivity. As an example, some perylene-based dyes may be suitable.

Throughout this specification, the term “day glow tape” means: a tapematerial containing a luminescent material.

Throughout this specification, the term “visible light” means lighthaving one or more wavelengths being within a range of between about 380nanometers and about 670 nanometers; and “visible light spectrum” meansthe range of wavelengths of between about 380 nanometers and about 670nanometers.

Throughout this specification, the term “white light” means: lighthaving a color point located at a delta(uv) of about equal to or lessthan 0.006 and having a CCT being within a range of between about 10000Kand about 1800K (herein referred to as a “white color point.”). Manydifferent hues of light may be perceived as being “white.” For example,some “white” light, such as light generated by a tungsten filamentincandescent lighting device, may appear yellowish in color, while other“white” light, such as light generated by some fluorescent lightingdevices, may appear more bluish in color. As examples, white lighthaving a CCT of about 3000K may appear yellowish in color, while whitelight having a CCT of about equal to or greater than 8000K may appearmore bluish in color and may be referred to as “cool” white light.Further, white light having a CCT of between about 2500K and about 4500Kmay appear reddish or yellowish in color and may be referred to as“warm” white light. “White light” includes light having a spectral powerdistribution of wavelengths including red, green and blue color points.In an example, a CCT of a lumiphor may be tuned by selecting one or moreparticular luminescent materials to be included in the lumiphor. Forexample, light emissions from a semiconductor light-emitting device thatincludes three separate emitters respectively having red, green and bluecolor points with an appropriate spectral power distribution may have awhite color point. As another example, light perceived as being “white”may be produced by mixing light emissions from a semiconductorlight-emitting device having a blue, greenish-blue or purplish-bluecolor point together with light emissions having a yellow color pointbeing produced by passing some of the light emissions having the blue,greenish-blue or purplish-blue color point through a lumiphor todown-convert them into light emissions having the yellow color point.General background information on systems and processes for generatinglight perceived as being “white” is provided in “Class A ColorDesignation for Light Sources Used in General Illumination”, Freyssinierand Rea, J Light & Vis. Env., Vol. 37, No. 2 & 3 (Nov. 7, 2013,Illuminating Engineering Institute of Japan), pp. 10-14; the entirety ofwhich hereby is incorporated herein by reference.

Throughout this specification, the term “in contact with” means: that afirst object, being “in contact with” a second object, is in eitherdirect or indirect contact with the second object. Throughout thisspecification, the term “in indirect contact with” means: that the firstobject is not in direct contact with the second object, but instead thatthere are a plurality of objects (including the first and secondobjects), and each of the plurality of objects is in direct contact withat least one other of the plurality of objects (e.g., the first andsecond objects are in a stack and are separated by one or moreintervening layers). Throughout this specification, the term “in directcontact with” means: that the first object, which is “in direct contact”with a second object, is touching the second object and there are nointervening objects between at least portions of both the first andsecond objects.

Throughout this specification, the term “spectrophotometer” means: anapparatus that can measure a light beam's intensity as a function of itswavelength and calculate its total luminous flux.

Throughout this specification, the term “integratingsphere—spectrophotometer” means: a spectrophotometer operationallyconnected with an integrating sphere. An integrating sphere (also knownas an Ulbricht sphere) is an optical component having a hollow sphericalcavity with its interior covered with a diffuse white reflectivecoating, with small holes for entrance and exit ports. Its relevantproperty is a uniform scattering or diffusing effect. Light raysincident on any point on the inner surface are, by multiple scatteringreflections, distributed equally to all other points. The effects of theoriginal direction of light are minimized. An integrating sphere may bethought of as a diffuser which preserves power but destroys spatialinformation. Another type of integrating sphere that can be utilized isreferred to as a focusing or Coblentz sphere. A Coblentz sphere has amirror-like (specular) inner surface rather than a diffuse innersurface. Light scattered by the interior of an integrating sphere isevenly distributed over all angles. The total power (radiant flux) of alight source can then be measured without inaccuracy caused by thedirectional characteristics of the source. Background information onintegrating sphere—spectrophotometer apparatus is provided in Liu etal., U.S. Pat. No. 7,532,324 issued on May 12, 2009, the entirety ofwhich hereby is incorporated herein by reference. It is understoodthroughout this specification that color points may be measured, forexample, by utilizing a spectrophotometer, such as an integratingsphere—spectrophotometer. The spectra of reflectance values, absorbancevalues, and transmittance values of a reflective surface or of an objectmay be measured, for example, utilizing an ultraviolet-visible-nearinfrared (UV-VIS-NIR) spectrophotometer.

Throughout this specification, the term “lenticular features” means: anarray of semicircular convex lenses (“lenticles”) on a surface, beingarranged as a sinusoidal series of mutually parallel ridges betweentroughs, forming a series of “lenticular toroidal lenses.” Backgroundinformation on lenticular toroidal lenses and lenticular features isprovided in Seo U.S. Pat. No. 8,503,083 issued on Aug. 6, 2013, theentirety of which hereby is incorporated herein by reference.

Throughout this specification, the term “microprismatic features” meansan array of small, equally-spaced multi-faceted prisms being arranged ina regular array forming a “microprismatic lens” on a surface. Backgroundinformation on microprismatic lenses is provided in Pakhchyan U.S.Patent Application Publication No. 2011/0292483A1 published on Dec. 1,2011, the entirety of which hereby is incorporated herein by reference.

Throughout this specification, the term “upward direction” means adirection illustrated as being upward, as indicated by an arrow shown ina Figure herein, being upward relative to an object shown in the Figure.Throughout this specification, the term “downward direction” means adirection illustrated as being downward, as indicated by an arrow shownin a Figure herein, being downward relative to an object shown in theFigure. It is understood that the terms “upward direction” and “downwarddirection” are relative terms defined by the corresponding arrowsillustrated in the Figures as indicating such directions; and that thelighting systems illustrated in the Figures may be oriented in otherdirections. It is likewise understood that the terms “top” and “bottom”are relative terms as shown in the Figures.

Throughout this specification, the term “spline” means a mathematicalrepresentation of a curve that includes: a specified series of at leastfour control points located at intervals along the curve; and a definedfunction that allows additional points within an interval along thecurve to be calculated. Throughout this specification, the term“Catmull-Rom spline” means a spline wherein the specified curve passesthrough all of the control points. Background information on Catmull-Romsplines is provided in “Introduction to Catmull-Rom Splines,” downloadedfrom: http://www.mvps.org/directx/articles/catmull/, the entirety ofwhich hereby is incorporated herein by reference.

It is understood throughout this specification that numbering of thenames of elements as being “first”, “second” etcetera, is solely forpurposes of clarity in referring to such elements in connection withvarious examples of lighting systems. It is understood throughout thisspecification that an example [100] of a lighting system may include anycombination of the features discussed in connection with the examples[100] of a lighting system.

FIG. 1 is a perspective bottom view showing a portion of an example[100] of an implementation of a lighting system. FIG. 2 is across-sectional side view taken along the line 2-2, showing the portionof the example [100] of the lighting system. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2,the example [100] of the implementation of the lighting system includesa lighting module [102] including a semiconductor light-emitting device[104] configured for emitting light emissions [202] in directionsrepresented by the arrows [203], [204], [205], [206] along a centrallight emission axis [210]. Further, the example [100] of the lightingsystem includes a first lens module [106] that includes a firstconverging lens [108]. The first converging lens [108] of the example[100] of the lighting system is configured for causing convergence ofsome of the light emissions [202] of the semiconductor light-emittingdevice [104] to form converged light emissions [212] along the centrallight emission axis [210] having a first half-width-half-maximum (HWHM)around the central light emission axis [210] being represented by eachof the arrows [110], [112], [114], [116], the first converging lens[108] having a first light output surface [214] being spaced apart alonga first lens axis [216] from a first light input surface [218], thefirst converging lens [108] further having a first total internalreflection side surface [121] being spaced apart around the first lensaxis [216] and having a first frusto-conical shape [123] extendingbetween the first light input surface [218] and the first light outputsurface [214] of the first converging lens [108].

FIG. 3 is a perspective bottom view showing another portion of theexample [100] of an implementation of a lighting system. FIG. 4 is across-sectional side view taken along the line 4-4, showing the anotherportion of the example [100] of the lighting system. As shown in FIGS. 3and 4, the example [100] of the implementation of the lighting systemfurther includes a second lens module [306] that includes a secondconverging lens [308]. The second converging lens [308] of the example[100] of the lighting system is configured for causing convergence ofsome of the light emissions [202] of the semiconductor light-emittingdevice [104] to form further converged light emissions [412] along thecentral light emission axis [210] having a second HWHM around thecentral light emission axis [210] as represented by each of the arrows[310], [312], [314], [316] being different than the first HWHMrepresented by each of the arrows [110], [112], [114], [116], the secondconverging lens [308] having a second light output surface [414] beingspaced apart along a second lens axis [416] from a second light inputsurface [418], the second converging lens [308] further having a secondtotal internal reflection side surface [321] being spaced apart aroundthe second lens axis [416] and having a second frusto-conical shape[323] extending between the second light input surface [418] and thesecond light output surface [414] of the second converging lens [308].

FIG. 5 is a perspective bottom view showing a further portion of theexample [100] of an implementation of a lighting system. FIG. 6 is across-sectional side view taken along the line 6-6, showing the furtherportion of the example [100] of the lighting system. As shown in FIGS.1-6, the example [100] of the implementation of the lighting systemfurther includes a third lens module [118] including a first diverginglens [120] having a third lens axis [122], the first diverging lens[120] being configured for causing divergence of some of the convergedlight emissions [212], [412] away from the third lens axis [122] by athird HWHM represented by each of the arrows [510], [512], to formdiverged light emissions in directions represented by the arrows [603],[604], [605], [606] that diverge away from the central light emissionaxis [210]. As further shown in FIGS. 1-6, the first diverging lens[120] has a third light output surface [124] being spaced apart alongthe third lens axis [122] from a third light input surface [126], thethird light input surface [126] including a first lens screen [125]having lenticular or microprismatic features. Referring to FIGS. 1-6,the example [100] of the lighting system is configured for detachablyinstalling the first lens module [106] or the second lens module [306]in the lighting module [102] between the semiconductor light-emittingdevice [104] and the third lens module [118]; and the lighting system isconfigured for aligning the first lens axis [216] or the second lensaxis [416] with the central light emission axis [210] and with the thirdlens axis [122].

FIG. 7 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of an additionallens module that may be included in the example [100] of animplementation of a lighting system. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional sideview taken along the line 8-8, showing the example of the additionallens module that may be included in the example [100] of the lightingsystem. As shown in FIGS. 7-8, the example [100] of the implementationof the lighting system may include an additional lens module [718]including an additional diverging lens [720] having an additional lensaxis [722], the additional diverging lens [720] being configured forcausing divergence of some of the converged light emissions [212], [412]away from the additional lens axis [722] by an additional HWHMrepresented by each of the arrows [710], [712] being different than thethird HWHM represented by each of the arrows [510], [512], to formadditional diverged light emissions in directions represented by thearrows [803], [804], [805], [806] that diverge away from the centrallight emission axis [210]. As further shown in FIGS. 7-8, the additionaldiverging lens [720] may have an additional light output surface [724]being spaced apart along the additional lens axis [722] from anadditional light input surface [726], and the additional light inputsurface [726] may include an additional lens screen [725] havinglenticular or microprismatic features. In examples, the example [100] ofthe lighting system may be configured for detachably installing thefirst lens module [106] or the second lens module [306] in the lightingmodule [102] between the semiconductor light-emitting device [104] andthe additional lens module [718]; and the example [100] of the lightingsystem may be configured for aligning the first lens axis [216] or thesecond lens axis [416] with the central light emission axis [210] andwith the additional lens axis [722].

In further examples, the example [100] of the lighting system may beconfigured for interchangeably installing either the first lens module[106] or the second lens module [306] in the lighting module [102]between the semiconductor light-emitting device [104] and either thethird lens module [118] or the additional lens module [718].

As another example of the example [100] of the lighting system, thelighting module [102] may include another semiconductor light-emittingdevice [128] being configured for emitting light emissions [202] alongthe central light emission axis [210]. In further examples of theexample [100] of the lighting system, the lighting module [102] mayinclude a plurality of additional semiconductor light-emitting devices[128], [130], [132], and the semiconductor light-emitting device [104]and the plurality of the additional semiconductor light-emitting devices[128], [130], [132] may be collectively arranged around and configuredfor emitting light emissions [202] along the central light emission axis[210]. In additional examples of the example [100] of the lightingsystem, one or more of the semiconductor light-emitting devices [104],[128], [130], [132] of the lighting module [102] may be configured asincluding a lumiphor (not shown) for changing a spectral powerdistribution of some of the light emissions [202].

In some examples of the example [100] of the lighting system, the firstconverging lens [108] may be configured for causing convergence of someof the light emissions [202] of the semiconductor light-emitting device[104] to form the converged light emissions [212] as having the firstHWHM represented by each of the arrows [110], [112], [114], [116] being:about 3.5 degrees; or about 7.5 degrees; or about 12.5 degrees; or about20 degrees. In further examples of the example [100] of the lightingsystem, the second converging lens [308] may be configured for causingconvergence of some of the light emissions [202] of the semiconductorlight-emitting device [104] to form the converged light emissions [412]as having the second HWHM represented by each of the arrows [310],[312], [314], [316] being: about 3.5 degrees; or about 7.5 degrees; orabout 12.5 degrees; or about 20 degrees. In additional examples of theexample [100] of the lighting system, the first diverging lens [120] maybe configured for causing divergence of some of the converged lightemissions [212], [412] away from the third lens axis [122] by a thirdHWHM represented by each of the arrows [510], [512] being: about 4degrees; or about 10 degrees; or about 15 degrees; or about 25 degrees;or about 30 degrees. In other examples of the example [100] of thelighting system, the additional diverging lens [720] may be configuredfor causing divergence of some of the converged light emissions [212],[412] away from the additional lens axis [722] by another HWHMrepresented by each of the arrows [710], [712] being: about 4 degrees;or about 10 degrees; or about 15 degrees; or about 25 degrees; or about30 degrees. In examples, an example [100] of the lighting system mayinclude a diverging lens [120], [720] having a HWHM of: about 4 degreesincluding toroidal lenses each having a radius of about 0.815millimeters (“mm”) and a height of about 0.16 mm; or about 10 degreesincluding toroidal lenses each having a radius of about 0.825millimeters (“mm”) and a height of about 0.28 mm; or about 25 degreesincluding toroidal lenses each having a radius of about 0.845millimeters (“mm”) and a height of about 0.47 mm.

In examples of the example [100] of the lighting system, the firstdiverging lens [120] may have the first lens screen [125] as includingan array of lenticular toroidal lenses. In further examples of theexample [100] of the lighting system, the additional diverging lens[720] may have the additional lens screen [725] as including an array oflenticular toroidal lenses. In additional examples (not shown) of theexample [100] of the lighting system, the either or both of thediverging lenses [120], [720] may respectively have the lens screen[125], [725] as including an array of microprismatic lenses.

In some examples of the example [100] of the lighting system, the firstconverging lens [108] may have a first diameter [228] transverse to thefirst lens axis [216] at the first light input surface [218], and thefirst converging lens [108] may have a second diameter [230] transverseto the first lens axis [216] at the first light output surface [214],and the first diameter [228] may be smaller than the second diameter[230]. In additional examples of the example [100] of the lightingsystem, the second converging lens [308] may have a first diameter [428]transverse to the second lens axis [416] at the second light inputsurface [418], and the second converging lens [308] may have a seconddiameter [430] transverse to the second lens axis [416] at the secondlight output surface [414], and the first diameter [428] may be smallerthan the second diameter [430].

In other examples, the example [100] of the lighting system may includea housing [134] being configured for positioning the lighting module[102] for emission of the light emissions [202] from the semiconductorlight-emitting device [104] along the central light emission axis [210].In further examples, the example [100] of the lighting system mayinclude a carrier [136] being configured for positioning the first lensmodule [106] or the second lens module [306] in the housing [134] withthe first lens axis [216] or the second lens axis [416] being alignedwith the central light emission axis [210]. In additional examples, theexample [100] of the lighting system may include a primary visible lightreflector [138] configured for being positioned between the housing[134] and the carrier [136], and the primary visible light reflector[138] may be configured for redirecting some of the light emissions[202] of the semiconductor light-emitting device [104] in the directionsrepresented by the arrows [203], [204], [205], [206] along the centrallight emission axis [210]

FIG. 9 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of a portion of asecond lighting module that may be included in the example [100] of animplementation of a lighting system. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional sideview taken along the line 10-10, showing the example of the portion ofthe second lighting module that may be included in the example [100] ofthe lighting system. As shown in FIGS. 9-10, the example [100] of theimplementation of the lighting system may include a second lightingmodule [902] including a second semiconductor light-emitting device[904] configured for emitting further light emissions [1002] indirections represented by the arrows [1003], [1004], [1005], [1006]along a second central light emission axis [1010]. Further, the example[100] of the lighting system may include a fourth lens module [906] thatmay include a third converging lens [908]. The third converging lens[908] of this example [100] of the lighting system may be configured forcausing convergence of some of the further light emissions [1002] of thesecond semiconductor light-emitting device [904] to form additionalconverged light emissions [1012] along the second central light emissionaxis [1010] having a fourth HWHM represented by each of the arrows[910], [912], [914], [916], the third converging lens [908] having afourth light output surface [1014] being spaced apart along a fourthlens axis [1016] from a fourth light input surface [1018], the thirdconverging lens [908]further having a third total internal reflectionside surface [921] being spaced apart around the fourth lens axis [1016]and having a third frusto-conical shape [923] extending between thefourth light input surface [1018] and the fourth light output surface[1014] of the third converging lens [908]. In further examples of theexample [100] of the lighting system, the second lighting module [902]may include another or a plurality of additional semiconductorlight-emitting devices (not shown), and the second semiconductorlight-emitting device [904] and the another or the plurality of theadditional semiconductor light-emitting devices may be collectivelyarranged around and configured for emitting the further light emissions[1002] along the second central light emission axis [1010]. Inadditional examples of the example [100] of the lighting system, thesecond semiconductor light-emitting device [904] and the another or theplurality of the additional semiconductor light-emitting devices of thesecond lighting module [902] may be configured as including a lumiphor(not shown) for changing a spectral power distribution of some of thefurther light emissions [1002].

FIG. 11 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of anotherportion of the second lighting module that may be included in theexample [100] of an implementation of a lighting system. FIG. 12 is across-sectional side view taken along the line 12-12, showing theexample of the another portion of the second lighting module that may beincluded in the example [100] of the lighting system. As shown in FIGS.11-12, the example [100] of the implementation of the lighting systemmay include a fifth lens module [1106] that may include a fourthconverging lens [1108]. The fourth converging lens [1108] may beconfigured for causing convergence of some of the further lightemissions [1002] of the second semiconductor light-emitting device [904]to form other converged light emissions [1212] along the second centrallight emission axis [1010] having a fifth HWHM around the second centrallight emission axis [1010] as represented by each of the arrows [1110],[1112], [1114], [1116] being different than the fourth HWHM representedby each of the arrows [910], [912], [914], [916], the fourth converginglens [1108] having a fifth light output surface [1214] being spacedapart along a fifth lens axis [1216] from a fifth light input surface[1218], the fourth converging lens [1108] further having a fourth totalinternal reflection side surface [1121] being spaced apart around thefifth lens axis [1216] and having a fourth frusto-conical shape [1123]extending between the fifth light input surface [1218] and the fifthlight output surface [1214] of the fourth converging lens [1108].

FIG. 13 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of a furtherportion of the second lighting module that may be included in theexample [100] of an implementation of a lighting system. FIG. 14 is across-sectional side view taken along the line 14-14, showing theexample of the further portion of the second lighting module that may beincluded in the example [100] of the lighting system. As shown in FIGS.9-14, the example [100] of the implementation of the lighting system mayinclude a sixth lens module [918] including a second diverging lens[920] having a sixth lens axis [922], the second diverging lens [920]being configured for causing divergence of some of the converged lightemissions [1012], [1212] from each of the lens modules [906], [1106]away from the sixth lens axis [922] by a sixth HWHM represented by eachof the arrows [1310], [1312] to form diverged light emissions indirections represented by the arrows [1403], [1404], [1405], [1406] thatdiverge away from the second central light emission axis [1010]. Asshown in FIGS. 9-14, the second diverging lens [920] may have a sixthlight output surface [924] being spaced apart along the sixth lens axis[922] from a sixth light input surface [926], the sixth light inputsurface [926] including a second lens screen [925] having lenticular ormicroprismatic features.

In examples, the example [100] of the lighting system may be configuredfor detachably installing the fourth lens module [906] or the fifth lensmodule [1106] in the second lighting module [902] between the secondsemiconductor light-emitting device [904] and the sixth lens module[918]; and the example [100] of the lighting system may be configuredfor aligning the fourth lens axis [1016] or the fifth lens axis [1216]with the second central light emission axis [1010] and the sixth lensaxis [922].

In some examples of the example [100] of the lighting system, the thirdconverging lens [908] may be configured for causing convergence of someof the further light emissions [1002] of the second semiconductorlight-emitting device [904] to form the converged light emissions [1012]as having the fourth HWHM represented by each of the arrows [910],[912], [914], [916] being: about 3.5 degrees; or about 7.5 degrees; orabout 12.5 degrees; or about 20 degrees. In further examples of theexample [100] of the lighting system, the fourth converging lens [1108]may be configured for causing convergence of some of the further lightemissions [1002] of the second semiconductor light-emitting device [904]to form the converged light emissions [1212] as having the fifth HWHMrepresented by each of the arrows [1110], [1112], [1114], [1116] being:about 3.5 degrees; or about 7.5 degrees; or about 12.5 degrees; or about20 degrees. In additional examples of the example [100] of the lightingsystem, the second diverging lens [920] may be configured for causingdivergence of some of the converged light emissions [212], [412],[1012], [1212] away from the sixth lens axis [922] by a sixth HWHMrepresented by each of the arrows [1310], [1312] being: about 4 degrees;or about 10 degrees; or about 15 degrees; or about 25 degrees; or about30 degrees. In examples of the example [100] of the lighting system, thesecond diverging lens [920] may have the second lens screen [925] asincluding an array of lenticular toroidal lenses. In other examples (notshown) of the example [100] of the lighting system, the second diverginglens [920] may have the second lens screen [925] as including an arrayof microprismatic lenses.

In some examples of the example [100] of the lighting system, the thirdconverging lens [908] may have a third diameter [1028] transverse to thefourth lens axis [1016] at the fourth light input surface [1018], andthe third converging lens [908] may have a fourth diameter [1030]transverse to the fourth lens axis [1016] at the fourth light outputsurface [1014], and the third diameter [1028] may be smaller than thefourth diameter [1030]. In additional examples of the example [100] ofthe lighting system, the fourth converging lens [1108] may have a thirddiameter [1228] transverse to the fifth lens axis [1216] at the fifthlight input surface [1218], and the fourth converging lens [1108] mayhave a fourth diameter [1230] transverse to the fifth lens axis [1216]at the fifth light output surface [1214], and the third diameter [1228]may be smaller than the fourth diameter [1230].

In other examples, the example [100] of the lighting system may includea housing [934] being configured: for positioning the lighting module[102] for emission of the light emissions [202] from the semiconductorlight-emitting device [104] along the central light emission axis [210];and for positioning the second lighting module [902] for emission of thefurther light emissions [1002] from the second semiconductorlight-emitting device [904] along the second central light emission axis[1010]. In further examples, the example [100] of the lighting systemmay include a carrier [936] being configured: for positioning the firstlens module [106] or the second lens module [306] in the housing [934]with the first lens axis [216] or the second lens axis [416] beingaligned with the central light emission axis [210]; and for positioningthe fourth lens module [906] or the fifth lens module [1106] in thehousing [934] with the fourth lens axis [1016] or the fifth lens axis[1216] being aligned with the second central light emission axis [1010].In additional examples, the example [100] of the lighting system mayinclude a primary visible light reflector [938] configured for beingpositioned between the housing [934] and the carrier [936], and theprimary visible light reflector [938] may be configured for redirectingsome of the further light emissions [1002] of the second semiconductorlight-emitting device [904] in the directions represented by the arrows[1003], [1004], [1005], [1006] along the second central light emissionaxis [1010].

FIG. 15 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of another lensmodule that may be included in the example [100] of an implementation ofa lighting system. FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional side view taken alongthe line 16-16, showing the example of the another lens module that maybe included in the example [100] of the lighting system. In examples,the example [100] of the lighting system may include a lens module[1506] as being: the first lens module [106]; or the second lens module[306]; or the fourth lens module [906]; or the fifth lens module [1106].As examples, the lens module [1506] may include a converging lens[1508]. In examples, the converging lens [1508] may include a lightinput surface [1518] having a central cavity [1550] being shaped as aportion of a spheroid. In further examples, the converging lens [1508]may include a light output surface [1602] having a bowl-shaped cavity[1604] surrounding a central mound [1554] shaped as a portion of aspheroid. In some examples of the example [100] of the lighting system,the converging lens [1508] may be configured for causing convergence ofsome of the light emissions [202], [1002] of the semiconductorlight-emitting devices [104], [904] to form the converged lightemissions [212], [412], [1012], [1212] as having a HWHM being about 3.5degrees.

FIG. 17 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of a furtherlens module that may be included in the example [100] of animplementation of a lighting system. FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional sideview taken along the line 18-18, showing the example of the further lensmodule that may be included in the example [100] of the lighting system.In examples, the example [100] of the lighting system may include a lensmodule [1706] as being: the first lens module [106]; or the second lensmodule [306]; or the fourth lens module [906]; or the fifth lens module[1106]. As examples, the lens module [1706] may include a converginglens [1708]. In examples, the converging lens [1708] may include a lightinput surface [1718] having a central cavity [1750] being shaped as aportion of a spheroid. In further examples, the converging lens [1708]may include a light output surface [1802] having a bowl-shaped cavity[1804] surrounding a central mound [1754] shaped as a portion of aspheroid. In some examples of the example [100] of the lighting system,the converging lens [1708] may be configured for causing convergence ofsome of the light emissions [202], [1002] of the semiconductorlight-emitting devices [104], [904] to form the converged lightemissions [212], [412], [1012], [1212] as having a HWHM being about 7.5degrees.

FIG. 19 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of an additionallens module that may be included in the example [100] of animplementation of a lighting system. FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional sideview taken along the line 20-20, showing the example of the additionallens module that may be included in the example [100] of the lightingsystem. In examples, the example [100] of the lighting system mayinclude a lens module [1906] as being: the first lens module [106]; orthe second lens module [306]; or the fourth lens module [906]; or thefifth lens module [1106]. As examples, the lens module [1906] mayinclude a converging lens [1908]. In examples, the converging lens[1908] may include a light input surface [1918] having a centraldisk-shaped cavity [1956]. In further examples, the converging lens[1908] may include a light output surface [2002] having a bowl-shapedcavity [2004] surrounding a central mound [1954] shaped as a portion ofa spheroid. In some examples of the example [100] of the lightingsystem, the converging lens [1908] may be configured for causingconvergence of some of the light emissions [202], [1002] of thesemiconductor light-emitting devices [104], [904] to form the convergedlight emissions [212], [412], [1012], [1212] as having a HWHM beingabout 12.5 degrees.

FIG. 21 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of another lensmodule that may be included in the example [100] of an implementation ofa lighting system. FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional side view taken alongthe line 22-22, showing the example of the another lens module that maybe included in the example [100] of the lighting system. In examples,the example [100] of the lighting system may include a lens module[2106] as being: the first lens module [106]; or the second lens module[306]; or the fourth lens module [906]; or the fifth lens module [1106].As examples, the lens module [2106] may include a converging lens[2108]. In examples, the converging lens [2108] may include a lightinput surface [2118] having a central compound parabolic concentrator[2158]. In further examples, the converging lens [2108] may include alight output surface [2202] having a bowl-shaped cavity [2204]surrounding a central flat region [2160]. In some examples of theexample [100] of the lighting system, the converging lens [2108] may beconfigured for causing convergence of some of the light emissions [202],[1002] of the semiconductor light-emitting devices [104], [904] to formthe converged light emissions [212], [412], [1012], [1212] as having aHWHM being about 20 degrees.

In some examples, the example [100] of the lighting system may beconfigured for interchangeably installing either: the first lens module[106] in the lighting module [102] and the fourth lens module [906] inthe second lighting module [902]; or the second lens module [306] in thelighting module [102] and the fifth lens module [1106] in the secondlighting module [902]. In additional examples, the example [100] of thelighting system may include the first lens module [106] as beingintegral with the fourth lens module [906], and may include the secondlens module [306] as being integral with the fifth lens module [1106].In further examples [100] of the lighting system (not shown), the firstlens module [106] may be integral with a plurality of fourth lensmodules [906]; and the second lens module [306] may be integral with aplurality of fifth lens modules [1106]. In additional examples [100] ofthe lighting system (not shown), the first lens module [106] and theplurality of fourth lens modules [906], or the second lens module [306]and the plurality of fifth lens modules [1106], may collectively beintegrated in a row, or in a plurality of rows, or in a circle. Asfurther examples [100] of the lighting system (not shown), a pluralityof the fourth lens modules [906], being within a range of between oneand about twenty, or being within a range of between one and about onehundred, may be integrated together with the first lens module [106]. Asother examples [100] of the lighting system (not shown), a plurality ofthe fifth lens modules [1106], being within a range of between one andabout twenty, or being within a range of between one and about onehundred, may be integrated together with the second lens module [306].

FIG. 23 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of a seventhlens module that may be included in the example [100] of animplementation of a lighting system. FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional sideview taken along the line 24-24, showing the example of the seventh lensmodule that may be included in the example [100] of the lighting system.In some examples [100], the lighting system may include a seventh lensmodule [2318] including a third diverging lens [2320] having a seventhlens axis [2322], the third diverging lens [2320] being configured forcausing divergence of some of the converged light emissions [212], [412]away from the seventh lens axis [2322] by a seventh HWHM represented byeach of the arrows [2310], [2312], being different than the third HWHMrepresented by each of the arrows [510], [512], to form additionaldiverged light emissions represented by the arrows [2403], [2404],[2405], [2406] that may diverge away from the central light emissionaxis [210]. As examples, the third diverging lens [2320] may have aseventh light output surface [2324] being spaced apart along the seventhlens axis [2322] from a seventh light input surface [2326], the seventhlight input surface [2326] including a third lens screen [2325] havinglenticular or microprismatic features. In examples, the example [100] ofthe lighting system may be configured for detachably installing thefirst lens module [106] or the second lens module [306] in the lightingmodule [102] between the semiconductor light-emitting device [104] andthe seventh lens module [2318]; and the example [100] of the lightingsystem may be configured for aligning the first lens axis [216] or thesecond lens axis [416] with the central light emission axis [210] andthe seventh lens axis [2322].

FIG. 25 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of an eighthlens module that may be included in the example [100] of animplementation of a lighting system. FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional sideview taken along the line 26-26, showing the example of the eighth lensmodule that may be included in the example [100] of the lighting system.In some examples [100], the lighting system may include an eighth lensmodule [2518] including a fourth diverging lens [2520] having an eighthlens axis [2522], the fourth diverging lens [2520] being configured forcausing divergence of some of the converged light emissions [1012],1212] away from the eighth lens axis [2522] by an eighth HWHMrepresented by each of the arrows [2510], [2512], being different thanthe sixth HWHM represented by each of the arrows [1310], [1312], to formadditional diverged light emissions represented by arrows [2603],[2604], [2605], [2606] that may diverge away from the second centrallight emission axis [1010]. As examples, the fourth diverging lens[2520] may have an eighth light output surface [2524] being spaced apartalong the eighth lens axis [2522] from an eighth light input surface[2526], the eighth light input surface [2526] including a fourth lensscreen [2525] having lenticular or microprismatic features. In examples,the example [100] of the lighting system may be configured fordetachably installing the fourth lens module [906] or the fifth lensmodule [1106] in the second lighting module [902] between the secondsemiconductor light-emitting device [904] and the eighth lens module[2518]; and the example [100] of the lighting system may be configuredfor aligning the fourth lens axis [1016] or the fifth lens axis [1216]with the second central light emission axis [1010] and the eighth lensaxis [2522]

In some examples, the example [100] of the lighting system may beconfigured for interchangeably installing either: the third lens module[118] in the lighting module [102] and the sixth lens module [918] inthe second lighting module [902]; or the seventh lens module [2318] inthe lighting module [102] and the eighth lens module [2518] in thesecond lighting module [902]. In further examples [100] of the lightingsystem, the third lens module [118] may be integral with the sixth lensmodule [918], and the seventh lens module [2318] may be integral withthe eighth lens module [2518]. In further examples [100] of the lightingsystem (not shown), the third lens module [118] may be integral with aplurality of sixth lens modules [918]; and the seventh lens module[2318] may be integral with a plurality of eighth lens modules [2518].In additional examples [100] of the lighting system (not shown), thethird lens module [118] and the plurality of sixth lens modules [918],or the seventh lens module [2318] and the plurality of eighth lensmodules [2518], may collectively be integrated in a row, or in aplurality of rows, or in a circle. As further examples [100] of thelighting system (not shown), a plurality of the sixth lens modules[918], being within a range of between one and about twenty, or beingwithin a range of between one and about one hundred, may be integratedtogether with the third lens module [118]. As other examples [100] ofthe lighting system (not shown), a plurality of the seventh lens modules[2318], being within a range of between one and about twenty, or beingwithin a range of between one and about one hundred, may be integratedtogether with the eighth lens module [2518].

In additional examples [100] of the lighting system, the third HWHM ofthe third lens module [118] may be the same as the sixth HWHM of thesixth lens module [918]; and the seventh HWHM of the seventh lens module[2318] may be the same as the eighth HWHM of the eighth lens module[2518]. As other examples, the example [100] of the lighting system maybe further configured for interchangeably installing either: the firstlens module [106] in the lighting module [102] and the fourth lensmodule [906] in the second lighting module [902]; or the second lensmodule [306] in the lighting module [102] and the fifth lens module[1106] in the second lighting module [902]. In additional examples [100]of the lighting system [100], the first lens module [106] may beintegral with the fourth lens module [906], and the second lens module[306] may be integral with the fifth lens module [1106].

In some examples [100] of the lighting system, the first diverging lens[120] may be integral with the second diverging lens [920]; and theexample [100] of the lighting system may be configured for positioningthe semiconductor light-emitting device [104] as being spaced apart on alongitudinal axis [928] away from the second semiconductorlight-emitting device [904], and the first and second diverging lenses[120], [920] may be integrally configured for causing divergence of someof the converged light emissions [212], [412], [1012], [1212] away fromthe central light emission axes [210], [1010] in directions that arespaced apart from directions along the longitudinal axis [928]. Inadditional examples [100] of the lighting system, each of the first andsecond diverging lenses [120], [920] may be configured for causingdivergence of some of the converged light emissions [212], [412],[1012], [1212] away from the central light emission axes [210], [1010]in directions that are spaced apart from directions along thelongitudinal axis [928] by an HWHM being: about 4 degrees; or about 10degrees; or about 15 degrees; or about 25 degrees; or about 30 degrees.

In some examples [100] of the lighting system, the first, second, thirdand fourth converging lenses [108], [308], [908], and [1108] mayrespectively be configured for forming the converged light emissions[212], [412], [1012], [1212] as having the first, second, fourth, andfifth HWHM being within a range of between about 2 degrees and about 5degrees; and the first and second diverging lenses [120], [920] may beconfigured for causing divergence of some of the converged lightemissions [212], [412], [1012], [1212] away from the central lightemission axes [210], [1010] in directions that are spaced apart fromdirections along the longitudinal axis [928] by an HWHM being within arange of between about 2 degrees and about 6 degrees. Further in thoseexamples [100] of the lighting system, the diverged light emissions mayhave a cumulative HWHM away from the central light emission axes [210],[1010] in directions that are spaced apart from directions along thelongitudinal axis [928] being within a range of between about 4 degreesand about 11 degrees.

In some examples [100] of the lighting system, the first, second, thirdand fourth converging lenses [108], [308], [908], and [1108] mayrespectively be configured for forming the converged light emissions[212], [412], [1012], [1212] as having the first, second, fourth, andfifth HWHM being within a range of between about 15 degrees and about 25degrees; and the first and second diverging lenses [120], [920] may beconfigured for causing divergence of some of the converged lightemissions [212], [412], [1012], [1212] away from the central lightemission axes [210], [1010] in directions that are spaced apart fromdirections along the longitudinal axis [928] by an HWHM being within arange of between about 25 degrees and about 35 degrees. Further in thoseexamples [100] of the lighting system, the diverged light emissions mayhave a cumulative HWHM away from the central light emission axes [210],[1010] in directions that are spaced apart from directions along thelongitudinal axis [928] being within a range of between about 40 degreesand about 60 degrees.

In some examples [100] of the lighting system, the first, second, thirdand fourth converging lenses [108], [308], [908], and [1108] mayrespectively be configured for forming the converged light emissions[212], [412], [1012], [1212] as having the first, second, fourth, andfifth HWHM being within a range of between about 15 degrees and about 25degrees; and the first and second diverging lenses [120], [920] may beconfigured for causing divergence of some of the converged lightemissions [212], [412], [1012], [1212] away from the central lightemission axes [210], [1010] in directions that are spaced apart fromdirections along the longitudinal axis [928] by an HWHM being within arange of between about 2 degrees and about 6 degrees. Further in thoseexamples [100] of the lighting system, the diverged light emissions mayhave a cumulative HWHM away from the central light emission axes [210],[1010] in directions that are spaced apart from directions along thelongitudinal axis [928] being within a range of between about 17 degreesand about 31 degrees.

In some examples [100] of the lighting system, the first, second, thirdand fourth converging lenses [108], [308], [908], and [1108] mayrespectively be configured for forming the converged light emissions[212], [412], [1012], [1212] as having the first, second, fourth, andfifth HWHM being within a range of between about 2 degrees and about 5degrees; and the first and second diverging lenses [120], [920] may beconfigured for causing divergence of some of the converged lightemissions [212], [412], [1012], [1212] away from the central lightemission axes [210], [1010] in directions that are spaced apart fromdirections along the longitudinal axis [928] by an HWHM being within arange of between about 25 degrees and about 35 degrees. Further in thoseexamples [100] of the lighting system, the diverged light emissions mayhave a cumulative HWHM away from the central light emission axes [210],[1010] in directions that are spaced apart from directions along thelongitudinal axis [928] being within a range of between about 27 degreesand about 40 degrees.

In some examples [100] of the lighting system, the first diverging lens[120] may be integral with the second diverging lens [920]; and theexample [100] of the lighting system may be configured for positioningthe semiconductor light-emitting device [104] as being spaced apart onthe longitudinal axis [928] away from the second semiconductorlight-emitting device [904], and the first and second diverging lenses[120], [920] may be integrally configured for causing divergence of someof the converged light emissions [212], [412], [1012], [1212] away fromthe central light emission axes [210], [1010] in directions that arespaced apart from directions being transverse to the longitudinal axis[928]. As an example, the eighth lens module [2518] may be rotated byninety (90) degrees on the second central light emission axis [1010] toaccordingly change the directions of divergence of some of the convergedlight emissions. In additional examples [100] of the lighting system,each of the first and second diverging lenses [120], [920] may beconfigured for causing divergence of some of the converged lightemissions [212], [412], [1012], [1212] away from the central lightemission axes [210], [1010] in directions that are spaced apart fromdirections being transverse to the longitudinal axis [928] by an HWHMbeing: about 4 degrees; or about 10 degrees; or about 15 degrees; orabout 25 degrees; or about 30 degrees.

In some examples [100] of the lighting system, the first, second, thirdand fourth converging lenses [108], [308], [908], and [1108] mayrespectively be configured for forming the converged light emissions[212], [412], [1012], [1212] as having the first, second, fourth, andfifth HWHM being within a range of between about 2 degrees and about 25degrees; and the first and second diverging lenses [120], [920] may beconfigured for causing divergence of some of the converged lightemissions [212], [412], [1012], [1212] away from the central lightemission axes [210], [1010] in directions that are spaced apart fromdirections being transverse to the longitudinal axis [928] by an HWHMbeing within a range of between about 4 degrees and about 30 degrees.Further in those examples [100] of the lighting system, the divergedlight emissions may have a cumulative HWHM away from the central lightemission axes [210], [1010] in directions that are spaced apart fromdirections being transverse to the longitudinal axis [928] being withina range of between about 6 degrees and about 55 degrees.

FIG. 27 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of a ninth lensmodule that may be included in the example [100] of an implementation ofa lighting system. FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional side view taken alongthe line 28-28, showing the example of the ninth lens module that may beincluded in the example [100] of the lighting system. In some examples,the example [100] of the lighting system may include a ninth lens module[2718] including a fifth diverging lens [2720]. The fifth diverging lens[2720] may have a ninth light output surface [2802] being spaced apartalong a ninth lens axis [2722] from a ninth light input surface [2726],the fifth diverging lens [2720] having a fifth total internal reflectionside surface [2728] being spaced apart around the ninth lens axis [2722]and having a fifth frusto-conical shape [2723] extending between theninth light input surface [2726] and the ninth light output surface[2802] of the fifth diverging lens [2720]. Further, for example, theninth light input surface [2726] of the fifth diverging lens [2720] mayinclude a central cavity [2750] being shaped as a portion of a spheroid.Additionally, for example, the ninth light output surface [2802] of thefifth diverging lens [2720] may include a first raised region [2850]being shaped as a sliced torus having a second central cavity [2751]. Inexamples, the example [100] of the lighting system may be configured fordetachably installing the ninth lens module [2718] in the lightingmodule [102] between the semiconductor light-emitting device [104] andthe third lens module [118]; and the example [100] of the lightingsystem may be configured for aligning the ninth lens axis [2722] withthe central light emission axis [210] and the third lens axis [122]. Infurther examples [100] of the lighting system, the first raised region[2850] of the fifth diverging lens [2720], being shaped as a slicedtorus, may be configured for causing some of the light emissions [202]to pass through the ninth light output surface [2802] at a plurality ofspread-apart points. In some examples [100] of the lighting system, thefirst raised region [2850] of the fifth diverging lens [2720] may beconfigured for causing some of the light emissions [202] to pass throughthe ninth light output surface [2802] at spread-apart points beingdistributed throughout the ninth light output surface [2802].

FIG. 29 is a perspective bottom view showing the example of the ninthlens module; and showing an example of a tenth lens module that may beincluded in the example [100] of an implementation of a lighting system.FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional side view taken along the line 30-30,showing the example of the ninth lens module; and showing the example ofthe tenth lens module that may be included in the example [100] of thelighting system. In some examples, the example [100] of the lightingsystem may include a tenth lens module [2918] including a sixthdiverging lens [2920]. The sixth diverging lens [2920] may have a tenthlight output surface [3002] being spaced apart along a tenth lens axis[2922] from a tenth light input surface [2926], the sixth diverging lens[2920] having a sixth total internal reflection side surface [2928]being spaced apart around the tenth lens axis [2922] and having a sixthfrusto-conical shape [2923] extending between the tenth light inputsurface [2926] and the tenth light output surface [3002] of the sixthdiverging lens [2920]. Further, for example, the tenth light inputsurface [2926] of the sixth diverging lens [2920] may include a centralcavity [3048] being shaped as a portion of a spheroid. Additionally, forexample, the tenth light output surface [3002] of the sixth diverginglens [2920] may include a second raised region [3050] being shaped as asliced torus having a second central cavity [3051]. In examples, theexample [100] of the lighting system may be configured for detachablyinstalling the tenth lens module [2918] in the second lighting module[902] between the second semiconductor light-emitting device [904] andthe sixth lens module [918]; and the example [100] of the lightingsystem may be configured for aligning the tenth lens axis [2922] withthe second central light emission axis [1010]. In further examples [100]of the lighting system, the second raised region [3050] of the sixthdiverging lens [2920], being shaped as a sliced torus, may be configuredfor causing some of the light emissions [1002] to pass through the tenthlight output surface [3002] at a plurality of spread-apart points. Insome examples [100] of the lighting system, the second raised region[3050] of the sixth diverging lens [2920] may be configured for causingsome of the light emissions [1002] to pass through the tenth lightoutput surface [3002] at spread-apart points being distributedthroughout the tenth light output surface [3002].

In some examples [100], the lighting system may be configured forpositioning the semiconductor light-emitting device [104] as beingspaced apart on the longitudinal axis [928] away from the secondsemiconductor light-emitting device [904], for causing the central lightemission axis [210] to be spaced apart from the second central lightemission axis [1010]. Further, for example, the fifth diverging lens[2720] of the ninth lens module [2718] may be integral with the sixthdiverging lens [2920] of the tenth lens module [2918]; and the fifth andsixth diverging lenses [2720], [2920] may be integrally configured forcausing some of the light emissions [202], [1002] to pass through thesixth light output surface [924] at a plurality of spread-apart points.In some examples [100] of the lighting system, the first and secondraised regions [2850], [3050] of the fifth and sixth diverging lenses[2720], [2920] may be configured for causing some of the light emissions[202], [1002] to pass through the sixth light output surface [924] at aplurality of spread-apart points being distributed throughout the sixthlight output surface [924].

As additional examples [100] of the lighting system, the fifth diverginglens [2720] of the ninth lens module [2718], the sixth diverging lens[2920] of the tenth lens module [2918], and the second diverging lens[920] of the sixth lens module [918] may be collectively configured forcausing the sixth light output surface [924] to emit a perceived line oflight. As an example [100] of the lighting system, the perceived line oflight may extend in the directions represented by the arrow [2910]. Asanother example, the sixth lens module [918] may be rotated by ninety(90) degrees on a central light emission axis [210], [1010] toaccordingly change the directions of divergence of some of the convergedlight emissions. In other examples [100] of the lighting system (notshown), the only lens modules included in a lighting system may be: theninth lens module [2718]; the tenth lens module [2918]; and the sixthlens module [918]. Further in those other examples [100] of the lightingsystem, the ninth lens module [2718] may be integral with the tenth lensmodule [2918]; and as shown in FIGS. 29-30, the sixth lens module [918]may extend in directions that are spaced apart from directions along thelongitudinal axis [928] between and beyond both the ninth light outputsurface [2802] and the tenth light output surface [3002]. Additionally,for example, the third lens module [118] (not shown) may be integralwith the sixth lens module [918] as so extending between and beyond theninth and tenth light output surfaces [2802], [3002]. In additionalexamples [100] of the lighting system (not shown), the ninth lens module[2718] may be integral with a plurality of tenth lens modules [2918]. Inadditional examples [100] of the lighting system (not shown), the ninthlens module [2718] and the plurality of tenth lens modules [2918] maycollectively be integrated in a row, or in a plurality of rows, or in acircle. As further examples [100] of the lighting system (not shown), aplurality of the tenth lens modules [2918], being within a range ofbetween one and about twenty, or being within a range of between one andabout one hundred, may be integrated together with the ninth lens module[2718]. In further examples [100] of the lighting system (not shown),the lighting system may include a plurality of ninth lens modules[2718], each being integral with a tenth lens module [2918]. In thosefurther examples [100] of the lighting system (not shown), each of aplurality of the accordingly integrated light output surfaces [2802],[3002] may include: a different depth of the central cavities [2750],[3048] or of the second central cavities [2751], [3051] along the lensaxes [2722], [2922]; a different diameter of the central cavities[2750], [3048] or of the second central cavities [2751],[3051]transversely to the lens axes [2722], [2922]; or a differentheight of the raised regions [2850], [3050] above the second centralcavities [2751], [3051] along the lens axes [2722], [2922].

FIG. 31 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of an eleventhlens module that may be included in the example [100] of animplementation of a lighting system. FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional viewtaken along the line 32-32, showing the example of the eleventh lensmodule that may be included in the example [100] of the lighting system.FIG. 33 is a top view taken along the line 33-33, showing the example ofthe eleventh lens module that may be included in the example [100] ofthe lighting system. In some examples, the example [100] of the lightingsystem may include an eleventh lens module [3118] including a seventhdiverging lens [3120]. In examples [100] of the lighting system, theseventh diverging lens [3120] may have one lens axis [3122] being spacedapart from another lens axis [3123]. For example, the example [100] ofthe lighting system may be configured for detachably installing theseventh diverging lens [3120] with the one lens axis [3122] beingaligned with the central light emission axis [210] and with the anotherlens axis [3123] being aligned with the second central light emissionaxis [1010]. In some examples [100] of the lighting system, the seventhdiverging lens [3120] may have a seventh total internal reflection sidesurface [3128] having a seventh frusto-conical shape [3125] extendingbetween an eleventh light input surface [3128] and an eleventh lightoutput surface [3202], the eleventh light output surface [3202]including a contoured lens screen [3224] having lenticular ormicroprismatic features. In some examples [100] of the lighting system,the seventh diverging lens [3120] may have the contoured lens screen[3224] as including an array of lenticular toroidal lenses. In otherexamples (not shown) of the example [100] of the lighting system, theseventh diverging lens [3120] may have the contoured lens screen [3224]as including an array of microprismatic lenses.

In further examples [100] of the lighting system, the eleventh lightinput surface [3126] may include one cavity [3250] aligned with the onelens axis [3122] and shaped as a portion of a spheroid; and the eleventhlight input surface [3126] may include another cavity (not shown)aligned with the another lens axis [3123] and shaped as a portion of aspheroid. In additional examples [100], the lighting system may beconfigured for positioning the semiconductor light-emitting device [104]as being spaced apart on the longitudinal axis [928] away from thesecond semiconductor light-emitting device [904] for causing the centrallight emission axis [210] to be spaced apart from the second centrallight emission axis [1010]. Further in those examples [100] of thelighting system, the contoured lens screen [3224] may have a centralconcave surface [3262], having a lens screen axis [3164] that extends indirections that are similar to and spaced apart from directions alongthe longitudinal axis [928]. In some examples [100] of the lightingsystem, the lens screen axis [3164] may intersect the one lens axis[3122] and the another lens axis [3123], the lens axes [3122], [3123]being represented as dots in FIG. 33. As further examples [100] of thelighting system, the contoured lens screen [3224] may have one convexsurface [3266] extending in directions along the lens screen axis[3164], and one edge [3268] of the central concave surface [3262] mayextend adjacent to the one convex surface [3266] in directions along thelens screen axis [3164]. In additional examples [100] of the lightingsystem, the contoured lens screen [3224] may have another convex surface[3270] extending in directions along the lens screen axis [3164], andanother edge [3272] of the central concave surface [3262] may extendadjacent to the another convex surface [3270] in directions along thelens screen axis [3164]. In other examples [100] of the lighting system,the contoured lens screen [3224] may be configured for causingdivergence of some of the converged light emissions [212], [412],[1012], [1212] away from the lens screen axis [3164].

In some examples [100] of the lighting system, the eleventh lens module[3118] may be configured for causing some of the light emissions [202],[1002] to pass through the contoured lens screen [3224] at a pluralityof spread-apart points. In some examples [100] of the lighting system,the eleventh lens module [3118] may be configured for causing some ofthe light emissions [202], [1002] to pass through the contoured lensscreen [3224] at spread-apart points being distributed throughout thecontoured lens screen [3224]. As additional examples [100] of thelighting system, the seventh diverging lens [3120] of the eleventh lensmodule [3118] and the second diverging lens [920] of the sixth lensmodule [918] may be collectively configured for causing the sixth lightoutput surface [924] to emit a perceived line of light. As an example[100] of the lighting system, the perceived line of light may extend inthe directions represented by the arrow [3110]. As another example, thesixth lens module [918] may be rotated by ninety (90) degrees on acentral light emission axis [210], [1010] to accordingly change thedirections of divergence of some of the converged light emissions. Inother examples [100] of the lighting system (not shown), the only lensmodules included in a lighting system may be: the eleventh lens module[3118]; and the sixth lens module [918]. Further in those other examples[100] of the lighting system, as shown in FIGS. 31-33, the sixth lensmodule [918] may extend in directions that are spaced apart fromdirections along the longitudinal axis [928] between and beyond both theone lens axis [3122] and the another lens axis [3123]. Additionally, forexample, the third lens module [118] (not shown) may be integral withthe sixth lens module [918] as so extending between and beyond the lensaxes [3122], [3123]. In additional examples [100] of the lighting system(not shown), the eleventh lens module [3118] may include the seventhdiverging lens [3120] as having one or more further lens axes beingspaced apart along the longitudinal axis [928] in addition to the onelens axis [3122] and the another lens axis [3123], and the eleventh lensmodule [3118] may be configured for being aligned with one or morefurther central light emission axes of additional semiconductorlight-emitting devices in addition to the central light emission axes[210], [1010]. As additional examples, the example [100] of the lightingsystem may include one or more additional eleventh lens modules [3118].In those additional examples [100] of the lighting system (not shown),each of a plurality of the light output surfaces [3202] may include: adifferent depth of the central cavity [3250] or of the central concavesurface [3262] along the lens axes [3122], [3123]; a different diameterof the central cavity [3250] or of the central concave surface [3262]transversely to the lens axes [3122], [3123]; or a different height ofthe convex surfaces [3266], [3270] above the central concave surface[3262] along the lens axes [3122], [3123].

In other examples [100], the lighting system may include the housing[934]. As examples [100] of the lighting system, the housing [934] maybe configured for positioning the lighting module [102] for emission ofthe light emissions [202] from the semiconductor light-emitting device[104] along the central light emission axis [210]; and the housing [934]may be configured for positioning the second lighting module [902] foremission of the further light emissions [1002] from the secondsemiconductor light-emitting device [904] along the second central lightemission axis [1010]. Further in those examples, the example [100] ofthe lighting system may include the carrier [936]. Additionally in thoseexamples [100] of the lighting system, the carrier [936] may beconfigured for positioning the eleventh lens module [3118] in thehousing [934] with the one lens axis [3122] being aligned with thecentral light emission axis [210] and with the another lens axis [3123]being aligned with the second central light emission axis [1010].Additionally in those examples, the example [100] of the lighting systemmay include the primary visible light reflector [938]. In those examples[100] of the lighting system, the primary visible light reflector [938]may be configured for being positioned between the housing [934] and thecarrier [936], and the primary visible light reflector [938] may beconfigured for redirecting some of the light emissions [202] of thesemiconductor light-emitting device [104] along the central lightemission axis [210], and the primary visible light reflector [938] maybe configured for redirecting some of the further light emissions [1002]of the second semiconductor light-emitting device [904] along the secondcentral light emission axis [1010].

FIG. 34 is a top view showing examples of the carrier [136], [936] andthe primary visible light reflector [138], [938] that may be included inthe example [100] of an implementation of a lighting system. FIG. 35 isa perspective view showing the examples of the carrier [136], [936] andthe primary visible light reflector [138], [938] as shown in FIG. 34.FIG. 36 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the examples [100] of thelighting system shown in FIGS. 34-35. As shown in this example [100] ofthe lighting system, the primary visible light reflector [938] mayinclude a plurality of apertures [3402], [3404] being spaced apart in arow extending in directions that are spaced apart from directions alongthe longitudinal axis [928] (not shown) for receiving light emissions[202], [1002] from semiconductor light-emitting devices [104], [904](not shown) being positioned underneath the primary visible lightreflector [938] with their central light emission axes [210], [1010]aligned with the apertures [3402], [3404]. As an example, the primaryvisible light reflector [938] may include sixteen of the apertures[3402], [3404] for receiving light emissions [202], [1002] from sixteencorresponding semiconductor light-emitting devices [104], [904] (notshown), one of which being positioned with its central light emissionaxis [210], [1010] aligned with each one of the sixteen apertures[3402], [3404]. In other examples [100] of the lighting system (notshown), the primary visible light reflector [938] may include adifferent quantity of the apertures [3402], [3404] for receiving lightemissions [202], [1002] from a corresponding different number ofsemiconductor light-emitting devices [104], [904] (not shown), one ofwhich being positioned with its central light emission axis [210],[1010] aligned with each one of the apertures [3402], [3404]. In otherexamples [100] of the lighting system, the primary visible lightreflector [938] may include a quantity of the apertures [3402], [3404]being within a range of between one and about twenty apertures, or beingwithin a range of between one and about one hundred apertures. Further,for example, more than one semiconductor light-emitting device [104],[904] may be positioned with its central light emission axis [210],[1010] being aligned with each one of the apertures [3402], [3404]. Inexamples [100] of the lighting system, the primary visible lightreflector [938] may include each of the apertures [3402], [3404] asbeing located between a pair of reflector elements [3420]. In examples[100] of the lighting system, each of the reflector elements [3420] mayinclude a top reflective surface [3406] being oriented to reflect lightemissions [202], [1002] along the central light emission axes [210],[1010], the top reflective surface [3406] being located between twotangential reflective surfaces [3408]. As further shown in this example[100] of the lighting system, the carrier [936] may include a pluralityof apertures [3410], [3412] being spaced apart in a row extending indirections that are spaced apart from directions along the longitudinalaxis [928] (not shown) for receiving light emissions [202], [1002] fromsemiconductor light-emitting devices [104], [904] (not shown) with theircentral light emission axes [210], [1010] being aligned with theapertures [3410], [3412]. In these examples [100] of the lightingsystem, the carrier [936] may be placed over the primary visible lightreflector [938] with the apertures [3410], [3412] being aligned with theapertures [3402], [3404] as represented by the arrows [3414], [3416],and the semiconductor light-emitting devices [104], [904] may be placedbelow the primary visible light reflector [938]. Further, for example,the apertures [3410], [3412] of the carrier [936] may be configured andshaped for receiving and holding in place the lens modules [106], [306],[906], [1106], [1506], [1706], [1906], [2106], [2718], and [2918]. As anexample, the carrier [936] may include sixteen of the apertures [3410],[3412] for receiving light emissions [202], [1002] from sixteencorresponding semiconductor light-emitting devices [104], [904] (notshown), one of which being positioned with its central light emissionaxis [210], [1010] aligned with each one of the sixteen apertures[3410], [3412]. In other examples [100] of the lighting system (notshown), the carrier [936] may include a different quantity of theapertures [3410], [3412] for receiving light emissions [202], [1002]from a corresponding different number of semiconductor light-emittingdevices [104], [904] (not shown), one of which being positioned with itscentral light emission axis [210], [1010] aligned with each one of theapertures [3410], [3412]. In some examples [100] of the lighting system,the carrier [936] may include a quantity of the apertures [3410], [3412]being within a range of between one and about twenty apertures, or beingwithin a range of between one and about one hundred apertures. Further,for example, more than one semiconductor light-emitting device [104],[904] may be positioned with its central light emission axis [210],[1010] being aligned with each one of the apertures [3410], [3412]. Inthese examples [100] of the lighting system, the primary visible lightreflector [938] may be configured for being positioned between thehousing [934] (not shown) and the carrier [936]. Further, for example,the carrier [936] may be configured for redirecting some of the lightemissions [202], [1002] of the semiconductor light-emitting devices[104], [904](not shown) along the central light emission axes [210],[1010]. In other examples [100], the lighting system may include thecarrier [936] being configured for being placed in direct contact withthe housing [934]. In other examples [100] of the lighting system (notshown), the primary visible light reflector [938] and the carrier [936]may include their respective apertures [3402], [3404], [3410], [3412]being spaced apart in a plurality of rows, or in another formation suchas a rectangle or a circle. In further examples [100], the lightingsystem may include the sixth lens module [918]. Further, for example,the sixth lens module [918] may have walls [3602], [3604] reachingdownward in the housing [934]. Additionally, for example, the walls[3602], [3604] of the sixth lens module [918] may have members [3606],[3608], [3610], [3612] configured for holding the primary visible lightreflector [938] and the carrier [936] in place within the housing [934].

FIG. 37 is a perspective bottom view showing an example of an asymmetrictwelfth lens module [3718] that may be included in the example [100] ofan implementation of a lighting system. FIG. 38 is a side view takenalong the line 38, showing the example of the twelfth lens module [3718]including a sixth diverging lens [3720] having a twelfth lens axis[3722], that may be included in the example [100] of the lightingsystem. As examples, the sixth diverging lens [3720] may have a twelfthlight output surface [3724] being spaced apart along the twelfth lensaxis [3722] from a twelfth light input surface [3726]. The example[3718] of the twelfth lens module includes a lens body [3810] having thelight output surface [3724] spaced apart along the light transmissionaxis [3722] from a light input surface [3726]. The lens body [3810] hasa longitudinal axis [3815] and a lateral axis [3820], where thelongitudinal and lateral axes [3815], [3820] are transverse to the lighttransmission axis [3722]. In the example [3718] of the twelfth lensmodule, the light input surface [3726] may, in an example, include anarray of diverging lenses being configured for causing divergence oflight away from the light transmission axis [3722] in directions alongthe longitudinal axis [3815] of the lens body [3810]. Further in theexample [3718] of the twelfth lens module, the light output surface[3724] has an asymmetric curvilinear contour [3822] being formed by aconvex region [3825] overlapping in directions along the lateral axis[3820] with a concave region [3830], the asymmetric curvilinear contour[3822] uniformly extending in directions along the longitudinal axis[3815]. Further, for example, the twelfth light input surface [3726]may, as an example, have an array of diverging lenses including a fourthlens screen [3725] having lenticular or microprismatic features. Inother examples (not shown) the asymmetric twelfth lens module [3718] maynot include an array of diverging lenses at the light input surface[3726]. Further, as examples, the light input surface [3726] of theexample [3718] of the twelfth lens module may, for example, have a lensscreen [3725] including an array of lenticular toroidal lenses. Asanother example, the example [3718] of the twelfth lens module mayinclude the light input surface [3726] as having an array of lenticulartoroidal lenses including a plurality of convex regions [3840] beinginterposed between a plurality of concave regions [3845], each of thepluralities of the convex regions [3840] and of the concave regions[3845] extending in directions along the lateral axis [3820].

In examples of the example [3718] of the twelfth lens module, the lightoutput surface [3724] may include a first end [3850] being spaced apartalong the lateral axis [3820] from a second end [3852]; and theasymmetric curvilinear contour [3822] may extend from the first end[3850] to the second end [3852]. As additional examples of the example[3718] of the twelfth lens module, the convex region [3825] of theasymmetric curvilinear contour [3822] may extend from the first end[3850] of the light output surface [3724] towards the light transmissionaxis [3722]. Further, for example, the concave region [3830] of theasymmetric curvilinear contour [3822] may extend from the second end[3852] of the light output surface [3724] towards the light transmissionaxis [3722]. In additional examples of the examples of the example[3718] of the twelfth lens module, the light output surface [3724] mayhave a ridge [3855] extending in directions along the longitudinal axis[3815] and being located at a greatest distance, in directions along thelight transmission axis [3722], of the light output surface [3724] awayfrom the light input surface [3726]. In some examples of the example[3718] of the twelfth lens module, the ridge [3855] may be at alocation, in directions along the lateral axis [3820], being between thelight transmission axis [3722] and the first end [3850] of the lightoutput surface [3724]. In further examples of the example [3718] of thetwelfth lens module, a portion of the light output surface [3724] mayextend for a distance in directions along the lateral axis [3820] fromthe first end [3850] to the light transmission axis [3722], and theridge [3855] may be on that portion of the light output surface [3724]at a location being at within a range of between about 30% and about 70%along the distance extending from the first end [3850] to the lighttransmission axis [3722]. In additional examples of the example [3718]of the twelfth lens module, a portion of the light output surface [3724]may extend for a distance in directions along the lateral axis [3820]from the first end [3850] to the light transmission axis [3722], and theridge [3855] may be on that portion of the light output surface [3724]at a location being at within a range of between about 40% and about 60%along the distance extending from the first end [3850] to the lighttransmission axis [3722]. As further examples of the example [3718] ofthe twelfth lens module, the convex region [3825] of the asymmetriccurvilinear contour [3822] may have an angle of elevation [3860] at thefirst end [3850] of the light output surface [3724] measured from thelateral axis [3820] rising to the ridge [3855], and the angle ofelevation [3860] may be within a range of between about 30 degrees andabout 40 degrees. In some examples of the example [3718] of the twelfthlens module, the convex region [3825] of the asymmetric curvilinearcontour [3822] may have an angle of elevation [3860] at the first end[3850] of the light output surface [3724] from the lateral axis [3820]to the ridge [3855], and the angle of elevation [3860] may be within arange of between about 33 degrees and about 37 degrees. As otherexamples of the example [3718] of the twelfth lens module, the convexregion [3825] of the asymmetric curvilinear contour [3822] may have anangle of elevation [3860] at the first end [3850] of the light outputsurface [3724] from the lateral axis [3820] to the ridge [3855], and theangle of elevation [3860] may be about 35 degrees. In examples of theexample [3718] of the twelfth lens module, the asymmetric curvilinearcontour [3822] of the light output surface [3724] may have an inflectionpoint [3865] between the convex region [3825] and the concave region[3830]. Further, as examples of the example [3718] of the twelfth lensmodule, the light output surface [3724] may extend for a distance indirections along the lateral axis [3820] from the first end [3850] tothe second end [3852], and the inflection point [3865] may be on thelight output surface [3724] at a location being at within a range ofbetween about 40% and about 60% along the distance extending from thefirst end [3850] to the second end [3852]. In some examples, the example[3718] of the twelfth lens module may be configured for emitting lighthaving a full width half maximum beam width being within a range ofbetween about 7 degrees and about 30 degrees. As another example,examples [3718] of the twelfth lens module may be configured foremitting light having a full width half maximum beam width being withina range of between about 10 degrees and about 20 degrees. In furtherexamples, the example [3718] of the twelfth lens module may beconfigured for emitting light as being distributed on a planar surface.For example, the example [3718] of the twelfth lens module may belocated in a cove near a room ceiling, positioned with the lighttransmission axis oriented along, e.g. parallel with, the plane of theceiling. In examples, the example [3718] of the twelfth lens module mayasymmetrically shift light away from the light transmission axis [3722]as represented by the arrow [3870]. In examples, examples of the example[3718] of the twelfth lens module may be configured for causing aluminance of light reflected by the planar surface to have a ratio ofmaximum luminance divided by minimum luminance being about 4 or less.Further, for example, examples of the example [3718] of the twelfth lensmodule may be configured for causing a luminance of light reflected bythe planar surface to have a ratio of maximum luminance divided byminimum luminance being within a range of between about 4.0 and about1.8. Additionally, for example, the examples [3718] of the twelfth lensmodule may be configured for causing a luminance of light reflected bythe planar surface to have a ratio of average luminance divided byminimum luminance being about 2 or less. In other examples, examples ofthe example [3718] of the twelfth lens module may be configured forcausing a luminance of light reflected by the planar surface to have aratio of average luminance divided by minimum luminance being within arange of between about 2.1 and about 1.2. In other examples, where theangle of elevation [3860] is outside the range of between about 30degrees and about 40 degrees, uniformity of the illumination of a planarsurface such as a ceiling or wall by the example [3718] of the twelfthlens module may become degraded. In addition, where the angle ofelevation [3860] is outside that range, bands of relative darkness mayappear on the illuminated surface, e.g. next to a cove, or in the middleof the illuminated planar surface.

In examples, the example [100] of the lighting system may be configuredfor detachably installing the fourth lens module [906] or the fifth lensmodule [1106] in the second lighting module [902] between the secondsemiconductor light-emitting device [904] and the twelfth lens module[3718]; and the example [100] of the lighting system may be configuredfor aligning the fourth lens axis [1016] or the fifth lens axis [1216]with the second central light emission axis [1010] and the twelfth lensaxis [3722]. In some examples, the example [100] of the lighting systemmay be configured for interchangeably installing either: a one of thetwelfth lens module [3718] in the lighting module [102], and another ofthe twelfth lens module [3718] in the second lighting module [902]; orthe third lens module [118] in the lighting module [102] and the sixthlens module [918] in the second lighting module [902]; or the seventhlens module [2318] in the lighting module [102] and the eighth lensmodule [2518] in the second lighting module [902]. In further examples[100] of the lighting system, two of the twelfth lens modules [3718] maybe integrated together, or additional ones of the twelfth lens module[3718] may further be integrated together. In additional examples [100]of the lighting system (not shown), the plurality of twelfth lensmodules [3718] may collectively be integrated in a row, or in aplurality of rows, or in a circle. As further examples [100] of thelighting system (not shown), a plurality of the twelfth lens modules[3718], being within a range of between one and about twenty, or beingwithin a range of between one and about one hundred, may be integratedtogether with the twelfth lens module [3718]. As other examples [100] ofthe lighting system (not shown), a plurality of the twelfth lens modules[3718], being within a range of between one and about twenty, or beingwithin a range of between one and about one hundred, may be integratedtogether with the twelfth lens module [3718].

FIG. 39 is a perspective bottom view showing another portion of theexample [100] of an implementation of a lighting system. FIG. 40 is abottom view taken along the line 40, showing the another portion of theexample [100] of the lighting system. FIG. 41 is a bottom close-up viewalso taken along the line 40, showing a central bottom region of theanother portion of the example [100] of the lighting system. FIG. 42 isa close-up view also taken along the line 40, showing a portion of thecentral bottom region of the example [100] of the lighting system. FIG.43 is another close-up view also taken along the line 40, showing aportion of the central bottom region of the example [100] of thelighting system. FIG. 44 is a cross-sectional side view taken along theline 44-44, showing the another portion of the example [100] of thelighting system. FIG. 45 is a cross-sectional perspective bottom viewtaken along the line 45-45, showing the another portion of the example[100] of the lighting system. FIG. 46 is a cross-sectional perspectivebottom view taken along the line 46-46, showing the another portion ofthe example [100] of the lighting system. FIG. 47 is a cross-sectionalperspective bottom view taken along the line 47-47, showing the anotherportion of the example [100] of the lighting system. As shown in FIGS.39-47, the example [100] of the implementation of the lighting systemfurther includes an example of a lens device [3906] that includes aconverging lens [3908]. The converging lens [3908] of the example [100]of the lighting system has a light output surface [4414] being spacedapart along a lens axis [4416] from a light input surface [3902], theconverging lens [3908] further having a total internal reflection sidesurface [3910] being spaced apart around the lens axis [4416] and havinga frusto-conical shape [3912] extending between the light input surface[3902] and the light output surface [4414] of the converging lens[3908]. In some examples of the lens device [3906] of the example [100]of the lighting system, the light output surface [4414] of theconverging lens [3908] may include a bowl-shaped cavity [4404]. In otherexamples of the lens device [3906] of the example [100] of the lightingsystem, the light output surface [4414] of the converging lens [3908]may include the bowl-shaped cavity [4404] as surrounding a central mound[4406] shaped as a portion of a spheroid. In the lens device [3906] ofthe example [100] of the lighting system, a portion [3904] of the lightinput surface [3902] of the converging lens [3908] includes a lightinput cavity [3914] being bounded by a perimeter [3916]. In the example[100] of the lighting system, the light input cavity [3914] of the lensdevice [3906] has a central axis [4402] and is generally shaped as aportion of a spheroid. FIGS. 45-47 show that the diameter [4504] of thelight input cavity [3914] gradually decreases in an upward directionalong the central axis [4402] shown in FIG. 44. Further in the lensdevice [3906] of the example [100] of the lighting system, the lightinput cavity [3914] has a plurality of grooves [3918], [3920], [3922],[4008], [4010], [4012], [4014], [4016] each respectively following aspline [4103], [4105], [4107], [4109], [4111], [4113], [4115], [4117]along the light input surface [3902] that intersects at a point [4018]with the central axis [4402] of the light input cavity [3914] and thatintersects with a respective point [4102], [4104], [4106], [4108],[4110], [4112], [4114], [4116] on the perimeter [3916]. In the example[100] of the lighting system, the respective points [4102], [4104],[4106], [4108], [4110], [4112], [4114], [4116] may be mutually spacedapart around the perimeter [3916] of the light input cavity [3914]. Inan example of the lens device [3906] of the example [100] of thelighting system, the plurality of the grooves [3918], [3920], [3922],[4008], [4010], [4012], [4014], [4016] may include four of the grooves[3918], [3922], [4010], [4014] that respectively intersect with four ofthe plurality of the points [4102], [4106], [4110], [4114] beingmutually spaced apart around the perimeter [3916] of the light inputcavity [3914]. In another example of the lens device [3906] of theexample [100] of the lighting system, the plurality of the grooves[3918], [3920], [3922], [4008], [4010], [4012], [4014], [4016] mayinclude more than four grooves, for example five grooves [3918], [3922],[4010], [4014], [4016] that respectively intersect with five of theplurality of the points [4102], [4106], [4110], [4114], [4116] beingmutually spaced apart around the perimeter [3916] of the light inputcavity [3914]. As a further example of the lens device [3906] of theexample [100] of the lighting system, the plurality of the grooves[3918], [3920], [3922], [4008], [4010], [4012], [4014], [4016] mayinclude eight or more grooves, for example eight grooves [3918], [3920],[3922], [4008], [4010], [4012], [4014], [4016] that respectivelyintersect with eight of the plurality of the points [4102], [4104],[4106], [4108], [4110], [4112], [4114], [4116] being mutually spacedapart around the perimeter [3916] of the light input cavity [3914]. Asan additional example of the lens device [3906] of the example [100] ofthe lighting system, the plurality of the grooves [3918]-[4016] thatrespectively intersect with the plurality of the points [4102]-[4116]may be uniformly or non-uniformly spaced apart around the perimeter[3916] of the light input cavity [3914]. In a further example of thelens device [3906] of the example [100] of the lighting system, theplurality of the grooves may include: a first groove [3918] following afirst spline [4103] that intersects at the point [4018] with the centralaxis [4402] of the light input cavity [3914] and with a first point[4102] on the perimeter [3916]; and a second groove [3922] following asecond spline [4107] that intersects at the point [4018] with thecentral axis [4402] of the light input cavity [3914] and with a secondpoint [4106] on the perimeter [3916]; and a third groove [4010]following a third spline [4111] that intersects at the point [4018] withthe central axis [4402] of the light input cavity [3914] and with athird point [4110] on the perimeter [3916]; and a fourth groove [4014]following a fourth spline [4115] that intersects at the point [4018]with the central axis [4402] of the light input cavity [3914] and with afourth point [4114] on the perimeter [3916]. In an example of the lensdevice [3906] of the example [100] of the lighting system, the splines[4103], [4105], [4107], [4109], [4111], [4113], [4115], [4117] beingfollowed by each one of the plurality of the grooves [3918], [3920],[3922], [4008], [4010], [4012], [4014], [4016] may have the same shapeas does the spline [4103]. Further in that example of the lens device[3906] of the example [100] of the lighting system, the spline [4103]may include four control points [4102], [4119], [4121], [4018].Additionally in that example of the lens device [3906] of the example[100] of the lighting system, the spline [4103] may pass through eachone of the four control points [4102], [4119], [4121], [4018]. Also inthat example of the lens device [3906] of the example [100] of thelighting system, a first one of the four control points may be locatedat a one [4102] of the respective points [4102], [4104], [4106], [4108],[4110], [4112], [4114], [4116] on the perimeter [3916]; and a fourth oneof the four control points may be located at the point [4018] on thecentral axis [4402] of the light input cavity [3914]; and a second one[4119] of the four control points may be adjacent to the first controlpoint [4102]; and a third one [4121] of the four control points may beadjacent to the fourth control point [4018]. Further in that example ofthe lens device [3906] of the example [100] of the lighting system, thespline [4103] and likewise each of the splines [4103], [4105], [4107],[4109], [4111], [4113], [4115], [4117] may include a first inflectionpoint and a second inflection point; and as an example, the firstinflection point may be located at the second control point [4119], andthe second inflection point may be located at the third control point[4121]. Additionally in that example of the lens device [3906] of theexample [100] of the lighting system, the spline [4103], and likewisethe splines [4105], [4107], [4109], [4111], [4113], [4115], [4117], mayspan a spline axis [4123] extending between the first control point[4102] and the fourth control point [4018]; and the first inflectionpoint [4119] may be located on one side [4125] of the spline axis[4123]; and the second inflection point [4121] may be located on anopposite side [4127] of the spline axis [4123]. In one example of thelens device [3906] of the example [100] of the lighting system, thefirst inflection point may be located at the second control point[4119]; and a straight arrow [4202] originating at the first controlpoint [4102] and passing through the second control point [4119] mayextend away from the spline axis [4123] at an angle [4204] being withina range of about 10 degrees and about 20 degrees, or being about 15degrees. In another example of the lens device [3906] of the example[100] of the lighting system, the second inflection point may be locatedat the third control point [4121]; and a straight arrow [4206]originating at the second control point [4119] and passing through thethird control point [4121] may extend away from the spline axis [4123]at an angle [4208] being within a range of about 55 degrees and about 45degrees, or being about 50 degrees. As an additional example of the lensdevice [3906] of the example [100] of the lighting system, the spline[4103], and likewise the splines [4103], [4105], [4107], [4109], [4111],[4113], [4115], [4117], may be Catmull-Rom splines. As another exampleof the lens device [3906] of the example [100] of the lighting system,the plurality of the grooves [3918]-[4016] may be mutually spaced apartaround the perimeter [3916]. Further, for example, the plurality of thegrooves [3918]-[4016] may be uniformly or non-uniformly spaced apartaround the perimeter [3916]. In other examples of the lens device [3906]of the example [100] of the lighting system, each one of the pluralityof the grooves [3918]-[4016] may intersect with the point [4018] on thecentral axis [4402] of the light input cavity [3914] and with theperimeter [3916]. As additional examples of the lens device [3906] ofthe example [100] of the lighting system, the light input cavity [3914]may include a plurality of un-grooved regions [4133], [4135], [4137],[4139], [4141], [4143], [4145], [4147] being mutually spaced apartaround the perimeter [3916]; and each one of the plurality of thegrooves [3918]-[4016] may be interposed between two of the plurality ofthe un-grooved regions [4133]-[4147] of the light input cavity [3914].Further, for example, the light input cavity [3914] may include each oneof the plurality of the un-grooved regions [4133]-[4147] as being araised region, the raised regions [4133]-[4147] being mutually spacedapart around the perimeter [3916]; and each one of the plurality of thegrooves [3918]-[4016] may be interposed between two of the plurality ofthe raised regions [4133]-[4147] of the light input cavity [3914]. In anexample, each one of the raised regions [4133]-[4147] may intersect withthe point [4018] on the central axis [4402] and with the perimeter[3916]. As another example, the groove [3918], and likewise each otherone of the plurality of the grooves [3920]-[4016], may form a respectiveconcave surface [4302] of the light input cavity [3914], the concavesurface [4302] and each of the other respective concave surfaces (notshown) being generally shaped as a portion of an ellipse [4304] havingan ellipse axis [4306] being extended along the spline [4103] andlikewise along the other respective splines [4105], [4107], [4109],[4111], [4113], [4115], [4117]. Further, for example, the concavesurface [4302] and each of the other respective concave surfaces (notshown) may be generally shaped with the ellipse [4304] as being a circlehaving a circle axis [4306] being extended along the spline [4103] andlikewise along the other respective splines [4105]-[4117]. As additionalexamples of the lens device [3906] of the example [100] of the lightingsystem, the concave surface [4302] may have a radius [4308] and each ofthe other respective concave surfaces (not shown) may likewise have arespective radius; and the radius [4308] and the other respective radiimay likewise have lengths that vary along the respective splines [4103],[4105], [4107], [4109], [4111], [4113], [4115], [4117]. Further, forexample, a length of the radius [4308], and likewise of each of theother respective radii, at the intersections [4102], [4104], [4106],[4108], [4110], [4112], [4114], [4116] of the splines [4103]-[4117] withthe perimeter [3916] may be greater than another length of the radius[4308], and likewise of each of the other respective radii, at theintersections of the splines [4103]-[4117] with the point [4018] on thecentral axis [4402] of the light input cavity [3914]. For example, thelength of the radius [4308], and likewise the lengths of each of theother respective radii, may gradually decrease, from the intersections[4102]-[4116] of the splines [4103]-[4117] with the perimeter [3916], tothe intersections of the splines [4103]-[4117] with the point [4018] onthe central axis [4402] of the light input cavity [3914]. In oneexample, the lengths of each of the respective radii [4308] at theintersections [4102]-[4116] of the splines [4103]-[4117] with theperimeter [3916] may be within a length range of between about 2.5millimeters and about 1.5 millimeters, or a length of about 2millimeters; and the lengths of each of the respective radii [4308] atthe intersections of the splines [4103]-[4117] with the point [4018] onthe central axis [4402] of the light input cavity [3914] may be within alength range of between about 0.75 millimeter and about 0.25 millimeter,or a length of about 0.5 millimeters. In some examples of the example[100] of the lighting system, the lens device [3906] may be configuredfor emitting light having a full width half maximum beam width beingwithin a range of between about 13 degrees and about 16 degrees, orbeing about 15 degrees.

FIG. 48 is a perspective bottom view showing an additional portion ofthe example [100] of an implementation of a lighting system. FIG. 49 isa cross-sectional side view taken along the line 49-49, showing theadditional portion of the example [100] of the lighting system. As shownin FIGS. 48 and 49, the example [100] of the implementation of thelighting system further includes the lens device [3906] as being athirteenth lens module that includes the converging lens [3908]. Theconverging lens [3908] of the example [100] of the lighting system isconfigured for causing convergence of some of the light emissions [202]of the semiconductor light-emitting device [104] to form furtherconverged light emissions [4912] along the central light emission axis[210] having a HWHM around the central light emission axis [210] asrepresented by each of the arrows [4810], [4812], [4814], [4816], theconverging lens [3908] having the light output surface [4414] beingspaced apart along the lens axis [4416] from the light input surface[3902], the converging lens [3908] further having the total internalreflection side surface [3910] being spaced apart around the lens axis[4416] and having the frusto-conical shape [3912] extending between thelight input surface [3902] and the light output surface [4414] of theconverging lens [3908]. In examples, the example [100] of the lightingsystem may be configured for detachably installing the thirteenth lensmodule [3906] in the first lighting module [102] between thesemiconductor light-emitting device [104] and the third lens module[118]; and the example [100] of the lighting system may be configuredfor aligning the lens axis [4416] with the first central light emissionaxis [210] and with the lens axis [122]. Further, for example, the thirdlens module [118] may be replaced by another lens module, such as: anasymmetric twelfth lens module [3718]; or an asymmetric lens module (notshown) having bi-axial asymmetry; or a refractive lens module; or adiffuser plate. In other examples, the example [100] of the lightingsystem may be configured for detachably installing the thirteenth lensmodule [3906] in the first lighting module [102] over the semiconductorlight-emitting device [104], and the example [100] of the lightingsystem may be configured for aligning the lens axis [4416] with thefirst central light emission axis [210]; and the third lens module [118]may be omitted.

FIG. 50 is a perspective bottom view showing a further portion of theexample [100] of an implementation of a lighting system. FIG. 51 is across-sectional side view taken along the line 51-51, showing theadditional portion of the example [100] of the lighting system. As shownin FIGS. 50 and 51, the example [100] of the implementation of thelighting system further includes a second lens device [3906] as being afourteenth lens module including an additional converging lens [3908].The additional converging lens [3908] of the example [100] of thelighting system is configured for causing convergence of some of thelight emissions [1002] of the semiconductor light-emitting device [904]to form further converged light emissions [5112] along the central lightemission axis [1010], having a HWHM around the central light emissionaxis [1010] as represented by each of the arrows [5010], [5012], [5014],[5016], the additional converging lens [3908] having the light outputsurface [4414] being spaced apart along the lens axis [4416] from thelight input surface [3902], the additional converging lens [3908]further having the total internal reflection side surface [3910] beingspaced apart around the lens axis [4416] and having the frusto-conicalshape [3912] extending between the light input surface [3902] and thelight output surface [4414] of the converging lens [3908]. In examples,the example [100] of the lighting system may be configured fordetachably installing the thirteenth lens module [3906] in the firstlighting module [102] between the semiconductor light-emitting device[104] and the sixth lens module [918] and detachably installing thefourteenth lens module [3906] in the second lighting module [902]between the semiconductor light-emitting device [904] and the sixth lensmodule [918]; and the example [100] of the lighting system may beconfigured for aligning the lens axes [4416] of the thirteenth andfourteenth lens modules with the first and second central light emissionaxes [210], [1010] and with the lens axis [922]. In other examples, theexample [100] of the lighting system may be configured for detachablyinstalling the thirteenth lens module [3906] in the first lightingmodule [102] over the semiconductor light-emitting device [104] anddetachably installing the fourteenth lens module [3906] in the secondlighting module [902] over the semiconductor light-emitting device[904]; and the example [100] of the lighting system may be configuredfor aligning the lens axes [4416] of the thirteenth and fourteenth lensmodules respectively with the first and second central light emissionaxes [210], [1010]; and the sixth lens module [918] may be omitted. Infurther examples [100] of the lighting system, two of the thirteenthlens modules [3906] may be integrated together, or additional ones ofthe thirteenth lens module [3906] may further be integrated together. Inadditional examples [100] of the lighting system (not shown), theplurality of thirteenth lens modules [3906] may collectively beintegrated in a row, or in a plurality of rows, or in a circle, or in acluster. As further examples [100] of the lighting system (not shown), aplurality of the fourteenth lens modules [3906], being within a range ofbetween one and about twenty, or being within a range of between one andabout one hundred, may be integrated together. Further, for example,each of the lighting modules [102], [902] may include a plurality ofsemiconductor light-emitting devices (“SLEDs”) [104], [904], such as,for example, a cluster, ring, or pinwheel formation including 4-24SLEDs.

The lens devices [3906] may be fabricated by using electrical dischargemachining (“EDM”) to fabricate a positive mold including the light inputcavity [3914] that may then be used for injection molding of the lensdevices [3906].

The examples [100] of lighting systems may generally be utilized inend-use applications where evenly-blended light generated bysemiconductor light-emitting devices is needed. For example, theexamples [100] of lighting systems including the lens devices [3906] maygenerate light having a more uniform intensity distribution and anevenly-illuminated appearance, without projected images of thesemiconductor light-emitting devices themselves. Furthermore, theexamples [100] of lighting systems including the lens devices [3906] maygenerate light having a more narrow beam angle than other systemsutilizing microlenses or random lens surface texturing for purposes ofblending output light to hide images of semiconductor light-emittingdevices.

The examples of lens devices and lighting systems that are disclosedherein may also be fabricated and utilized together with the teachingsdisclosed in the following commonly-owned U.S. patent applications, theentireties of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference: U.S.patent application Ser. No. 14/526,504 filed on Oct. 28, 2014, entitled“Lighting Systems Having Multiple Light Sources”; U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/636,204 filed on Mar. 3, 2015, entitled“Lighting Systems Including Lens Modules For Selectable LightDistribution”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/617,849 filed on Feb.9, 2015, entitled “Lighting Systems Generating Controlled andWavelength-Converted Light Emissions”; U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/702,800 filed on May 4, 2015, entitled “Lighting Systems IncludingAsymmetric Lens Modules For Selectable Light Distribution”; U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/702,765 filed on May 4, 2015, entitled “LightingSystem Having a Sealing System.”; U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/636,205 filed on Mar. 3, 2015, entitled “Low-Profile Lighting SystemHaving Pivotable Lighting Enclosure.”; and U.S. patent application Ser.No. 14/816,827 filed on Aug. 3, 2015, entitled “Lighting System Having aMounting Device.”

While the present invention has been disclosed in a presently definedcontext, it will be recognized that the present teachings may be adaptedto a variety of contexts consistent with this disclosure and the claimsthat follow. For example, the lighting systems shown in the figures anddiscussed above can be adapted in the spirit of the many optionalparameters described.

We claim:
 1. A lens device, comprising: a converging lens having a lightoutput surface being spaced apart along a lens axis from a light inputsurface, the converging lens further having a total internal reflectionside surface being spaced apart around the lens axis and having afrusto-conical shape extending between the light input and outputsurfaces of the converging lens; wherein a portion of the light inputsurface of the converging lens includes a light input cavity beingbounded by a perimeter, the light input cavity having a central axis andbeing generally shaped as a portion of a spheroid; wherein the lightinput cavity has a plurality of grooves each respectively following oneof a plurality of splines along the light input surface that intersectswith the central axis of the light input cavity and with one of arespective plurality of points on the perimeter.
 2. The lens device ofclaim 1, wherein the spline being followed by each one of the pluralityof the grooves is the same spline, and wherein the spline includes fourcontrol points.
 3. The lens device of claim 2, wherein the spline passesthrough each one of the four control points.
 4. The lens device of claim3, wherein a first one of the four control points is located at a one ofthe respective points on the perimeter; and wherein a fourth one of thefour control points is located at the central axis of the light inputcavity; and wherein a second one of the four control points is adjacentto the first control point; and wherein a third one of the four controlpoints is adjacent to the fourth control point.
 5. The lens device ofclaim 4, wherein the spline includes a first inflection point and asecond inflection point.
 6. The lens device of claim 5, wherein thefirst inflection point is located at the second control point; andwherein the second inflection point is located at the third controlpoint.
 7. The lens device of claim 6, wherein the spline spans a splineaxis extending between the first control point and the fourth controlpoint; and wherein the first inflection point is located on one side ofthe spline axis; and wherein the second inflection point is located onan opposite side of the spline axis.
 8. The lens device of claim 7,wherein a straight arrow originating at the first control point andpassing through the second control point extends away from the splineaxis at an angle being within a range of about 10 degrees and about 20degrees.
 9. The lens device of claim 8, wherein a straight arroworiginating at the second control point and passing through the thirdcontrol point extends away from the spline axis at an angle being withina range of about 55 degrees and about 45 degrees.
 10. The lens device ofclaim 3, wherein the spline is a Catmull-Rom spline.
 11. The lens deviceof claim 1, wherein the plurality of the grooves are mutually spacedapart around the perimeter; and wherein each one of the plurality of thegrooves intersects with the central axis of the light input cavity andwith the perimeter; and wherein the light input cavity includes aplurality of un-grooved regions being mutually spaced apart around theperimeter; and wherein each one of the plurality of the grooves isinterposed between two of the plurality of the un-grooved regions of thelight input cavity.
 12. The lens device of claim 11, wherein the lightinput cavity includes a plurality of raised regions being mutuallyspaced apart around the perimeter; and wherein each one of the pluralityof the grooves is interposed between two of the plurality of the raisedregions of the light input cavity.
 13. The lens device of claim 12,wherein each one of the plurality of the raised regions intersects withthe central axis and with the perimeter.
 14. The lens device of claim 1,wherein each one of the plurality of the grooves forms a respectiveconcave surface of the light input cavity, each of the respectiveconcave surfaces being generally shaped as a portion of: an ellipsehaving an ellipse axis being extended along the spline; or a circlehaving a circle axis being extended along the spline.
 15. The lensdevice of claim 14, wherein each of the respective concave surfaces hasa respective radius, and wherein the respective radii have lengths thatvary along the spline.
 16. The lens device of claim 15, wherein a lengthof each of the respective radii at the intersection of the spline withthe perimeter is greater than another length of each of the respectiveradii at the intersection of the spline with the central axis of thelight input cavity, and wherein the lengths of each of the respectiveradii gradually decrease from the intersection of the spline with theperimeter to the intersection of the spline with the central axis of thelight input cavity.
 17. The lens device of claim 16, wherein the lengthof each of the respective radii at the intersection of the spline withthe perimeter is within a range of between about 2.5 millimeters andabout 1.5 millimeters; and wherein the another length of each of therespective radii at the intersection of the spline with the central axisof the light input cavity is within a range of between about 0.75millimeter and about 0.25 millimeter.
 18. The lens device of claim 1,wherein the light output surface of the converging lens includes abowl-shaped cavity surrounding a central mound shaped as a portion of aspheroid.
 19. The lens device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of thegrooves includes at least four of the grooves that respectivelyintersect with four of the plurality of the points on the perimeter. 20.The lens device of claim 19, wherein the plurality of the splinesincludes at least four of the splines that respectively intersect withfour of the plurality of the points on the perimeter.
 21. The lensdevice of claim 1, wherein the plurality of the grooves includes atleast five of the grooves that respectively intersect with five of theplurality of the points on the perimeter.
 22. The lens device of claim21, wherein the plurality of the splines includes at least five of thesplines that respectively intersect with five of the plurality of thepoints on the perimeter.
 23. The lens device of claim 1, wherein theplurality of the grooves includes at least eight of the grooves thatrespectively intersect with eight of the plurality of the points on theperimeter.
 24. The lens device of claim 23, wherein the plurality of thesplines includes at least eight of the splines that respectivelyintersect with eight of the plurality of the points on the perimeter.25. The lens device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of the groovesincludes: a first groove following a first spline that intersects withthe central axis of the light input cavity and with a first point on theperimeter; and a second groove following a second spline that intersectswith the central axis of the light input cavity and with a second pointon the perimeter; and a third groove following a third spline thatintersects with the central axis of the light input cavity and with athird point on the perimeter; and a fourth groove following a fourthspline that intersects with the central axis of the light input cavityand with a fourth point on the perimeter.
 26. The lens device of claim25, wherein the first spline intersects with the first point on theperimeter; and wherein the second spline intersects with the secondpoint on the perimeter; and wherein the third spline intersects with thethird point on the perimeter; and wherein the fourth spline intersectswith the fourth point on the perimeter.
 27. The lens device of claim 1,wherein one of the plurality of the splines has a shape and another oneof the plurality of the splines has the same shape.
 28. The lens deviceof claim 1, wherein the plurality of the points on the perimeter areuniformly spaced apart.
 29. The lens device of claim 1, wherein theplurality of the points on the perimeter are non-uniformly spaced apart.30. The lens device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of the grooves areuniformly spaced apart around the perimeter.
 31. The lens device ofclaim 1, wherein the plurality of the grooves are non-uniformly spacedapart around the perimeter.
 32. The lens device of claim 1, wherein theplurality of the splines intersects at a common point with the centralaxis of the light input cavity.
 33. The lens device of claim 1, whereinthe light output surface of the converging lens includes a bowl-shapedcavity.
 34. The lens device of claim 1, being configured for emittinglight having a full width half maximum beam width being within a rangeof between about 13 degrees and about 16 degrees.
 35. The lens device ofclaim 1, being configured for emitting light having a full width halfmaximum beam width being about 15 degrees.
 36. A lighting system,comprising: a lighting module including a semiconductor light-emittingdevice configured for emitting light emissions along a central lightemission axis; a first lens module including a first converging lenshaving a light output surface being spaced apart along a lens axis froma light input surface, the converging lens further having a totalinternal reflection side surface being spaced apart around the lens axisand having a frusto-conical shape extending between the light input andoutput surfaces of the converging lens; wherein a portion of the lightinput surface of the converging lens includes a light input cavity beingbounded by a perimeter, the light input cavity having a central axis andbeing generally shaped as a portion of a spheroid; wherein the lightinput cavity has a plurality of grooves each respectively following oneof a plurality of splines along the light input surface that intersectswith the central axis of the light input cavity and with one of arespective plurality of points on the perimeter; and wherein thelighting system is configured for aligning the lens axis with thecentral light emission axis.
 37. The lighting system of claim 36,wherein the spline being followed by each one of the plurality of thegrooves is the same spline, and wherein the spline includes four controlpoints.
 38. The lighting system of claim 37, wherein the spline passesthrough each one of the four control points.
 39. The lighting system ofclaim 38, wherein a first one of the four control points is located at aone of the respective points on the perimeter; and wherein a fourth oneof the four control points is located at the central axis of the lightinput cavity; and wherein a second one of the four control points isadjacent to the first control point; and wherein a third one of the fourcontrol points is adjacent to the fourth control point.
 40. The lightingsystem of claim 39, wherein the spline includes a first inflection pointand a second inflection point.
 41. The lighting system of claim 40,wherein the first inflection point is located at the second controlpoint; and wherein the second inflection point is located at the thirdcontrol point.
 42. The lighting system of claim 41, wherein the splinespans a spline axis extending between the first control point and thefourth control point; and wherein the first inflection point is locatedon one side of the spline axis; and wherein the second inflection pointis located on an opposite side of the spline axis.
 43. The lightingsystem of claim 42, wherein a straight arrow originating at the firstcontrol point and passing through the second control point extends awayfrom the spline axis at an angle being within a range of about 10degrees and about 20 degrees.
 44. The lighting system of claim 43,wherein a straight arrow originating at the second control point andpassing through the third control point extends away from the splineaxis at an angle being within a range of about 55 degrees and about 45degrees.
 45. The lighting system of claim 38, wherein the spline is aCatmull-Rom spline.
 46. The lighting system of claim 36, wherein theplurality of the grooves are mutually spaced apart around the perimeter;and wherein each one of the plurality of the grooves intersects with thecentral axis of the light input cavity and with the perimeter; andwherein the light input cavity includes a plurality of un-groovedregions being mutually spaced apart around the perimeter; and whereineach one of the plurality of the grooves is interposed between two ofthe plurality of the un-grooved regions of the light input cavity. 47.The lighting system of claim 46, wherein the light input cavity includesa plurality of raised regions being mutually spaced apart around theperimeter; and wherein each one of the plurality of the grooves isinterposed between two of the plurality of the raised regions of thelight input cavity.
 48. The lighting system of claim 47, wherein eachone of the plurality of the raised regions intersects with the centralaxis and with the perimeter.
 49. The lighting system of claim 36,wherein each one of the plurality of the grooves forms a respectiveconcave surface of the light input cavity, each of the respectiveconcave surfaces being generally shaped as a portion of: an ellipsehaving an ellipse axis being extended along the spline; or a circlehaving a circle axis being extended along the spline.
 50. The lightingsystem of claim 49, wherein each of the respective concave surfaces hasa respective radius, and wherein the respective radii have lengths thatvary along the spline.
 51. The lighting system of claim 50, wherein alength of each of the respective radii at the intersection of the splinewith the perimeter is greater than another length of each of therespective radii at the intersection of the spline with the central axisof the light input cavity, and wherein the lengths of each of therespective radii gradually decrease from the intersection of the splinewith the perimeter to the intersection of the spline with the centralaxis of the light input cavity.
 52. The lighting system of claim 51,wherein the length of each of the respective radii at the intersectionof the spline with the perimeter is within a range of between about 2.5millimeters and about 1.5 millimeters; and wherein the another length ofeach of the respective radii at the intersection of the spline with thecentral axis of the light input cavity is within a range of betweenabout 0.75 millimeter and about 0.25 millimeter.
 53. The lighting systemof claim 36, wherein the light output surface of the converging lensincludes a bowl-shaped cavity surrounding a central mound shaped as aportion of a spheroid.
 54. The lighting system of claim 36, wherein theplurality of the grooves includes at least four of the grooves thatrespectively intersect with four of the plurality of the points on theperimeter.
 55. The lighting system of claim 54, wherein the plurality ofthe splines includes at least four of the splines that respectivelyintersect with four of the plurality of the points on the perimeter. 56.The lighting system of claim 36, wherein the plurality of the groovesincludes at least five of the grooves that respectively intersect withfive of the plurality of the points on the perimeter.
 57. The lightingsystem of claim 56, wherein the plurality of the splines includes atleast five of the splines that respectively intersect with five of theplurality of the points on the perimeter.
 58. The lighting system ofclaim 36, wherein the plurality of the grooves includes at least eightof the grooves that respectively intersect with eight of the pluralityof the points on the perimeter.
 59. The lighting system of claim 58,wherein the plurality of the splines includes at least eight of thesplines that respectively intersect with eight of the plurality of thepoints on the perimeter.
 60. The lighting system of claim 36, whereinthe plurality of the grooves includes: a first groove following a firstspline that intersects with the central axis of the light input cavityand with a first point on the perimeter; and a second groove following asecond spline that intersects with the central axis of the light inputcavity and with a second point on the perimeter; and a third groovefollowing a third spline that intersects with the central axis of thelight input cavity and with a third point on the perimeter; and a fourthgroove following a fourth spline that intersects with the central axisof the light input cavity and with a fourth point on the perimeter. 61.The lighting system of claim 60, wherein the first spline intersectswith the first point on the perimeter; and wherein the second splineintersects with the second point on the perimeter; and wherein the thirdspline intersects with the third point on the perimeter; and wherein thefourth spline intersects with the fourth point on the perimeter.
 62. Thelighting system of claim 36, wherein one of the plurality of the splineshas a shape and another one of the plurality of the splines has the sameshape.
 63. The lighting system of claim 36, wherein the plurality of thepoints on the perimeter are uniformly spaced apart.
 64. The lightingsystem of claim 36, wherein the plurality of the points on the perimeterare non-uniformly spaced apart.
 65. The lighting system of claim 36,wherein the plurality of the grooves are uniformly spaced apart aroundthe perimeter.
 66. The lighting system of claim 36, wherein theplurality of the grooves are non-uniformly spaced apart around theperimeter.
 67. The lighting system of claim 36, wherein the plurality ofthe splines intersects at a common point with the central axis of thelight input cavity.
 68. The lighting system of claim 36, wherein thelight output surface of the converging lens includes a bowl-shapedcavity.
 69. The lighting system of claim 36, being configured foremitting light having a full width half maximum beam width being withina range of between about 13 degrees and about 16 degrees.
 70. Thelighting system of claim 36, being configured for emitting light havinga full width half maximum beam width being about 15 degrees.